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1 ηδύνατο
δύναμαιto be able: aor ind mid 3rd sg——————ἡδύ̱νατο, ἡδύνωseason: aor ind mid 3rd sgἡδύ̱νατο, ἡδύνωseason: aor ind mid 3rd sg (homeric ionic) -
2 ἠδύνατο
Βλ. λ. ηδύνατο -
3 ἡδύνατο
Βλ. λ. ηδύνατο -
4 ἠδύνατο
могламогло мог он могΕλληνικά-Ρωσικά λεξικό στα κείμενα της Καινής Διαθήκης (Греческо-русский словарь к текстам Нового Завета) > ἠδύνατο
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5 ἐθέλω
ἐθέλω und θέλω, wollen, wünschen, Luft haben, Neigung empfinden; Ableitung ungewiß. Ueber den Unterschied von βούλομαι s. dies Wort; interessant ist die Verbindung von βούλομαι und ϑέλω Eurip. Iph. A. 338 τῷ δοκεῖν μὲν οὐχὶ χρῄζων, τῷ δὲ βούλεσϑαι ϑέλων; für βόλεται (= βούλεται) Iliad. 11, 319 var. lect. ἐϑέλει. In der Att. Prosa ist das a verbo von ἐϑέλω folgendes: ἐϑέλω und ϑέλω, ἐϑελήσω, ἠϑέλησα, ἠϑέληκα; imperf. ἤϑελον. Die Formen des praes. ϑέλω besonders in einzelnen Verbindungen, wie εἰ ϑέλεις, ἂν ϑεὸς ϑέλῃ, s. Lobeck Phryn. 7, am häufigsten bei Xenoph. u. Oratt. Bei Dichtern fut. auch ϑελήσω, aor. ἐϑέλησα, perf. τεϑέληκα, imperf. ἔϑελον; conj. aor. ϑελήσῃ Aesch. Prom. 1028, imperat. ϑέλησον vs. 783; opt. ϑελήσαιμι Soph. O. Col. 1133, partic. ϑελήσας vs. 757; opt. perf. τεϑελήκοι Scholl. Iliad. 1, 38; τεϑέληκας var. lect. für ἠϑέληκας Aeschin. Fals. leg. 139; vgl. Lob. Phryn. 332; praes. ϑέλω sehr oft bei Dichtern, bes. im Att. Trimeter; imperf. ϑέλον Apoll. Rhod. 2, 960. Bei Homer Formen vom praes. ἐϑέλω, conj. ἐϑέλωμι Odyss. 21, 348 Iliad. 9, 397 (Scholl. Didym. ἐϑέλοιμι: Ἀρίσταρχος ἐϑέλωμι), opt. ἐϑέλοιμι, imperat. ἔϑελε, part. ἐϑέλων, imperf. ἤϑελον u. ἔϑελον u. iterativ. ἐϑέλεσκον, fut. indicat. ἐϑελήσω, aor. ἐϑέλησα Odyss. 13, 341, ἐϑέλησεν var. lect. ἐϑέλεσ κεν Iliad. 18, 396. Formen, die mit dem ϑ beginnen, hat Homer nach Aristarch gar nicht, geholl. Aristonic. Iliad. 7, 111 Odyss. 3, 272. Auch Iliad. 1, 277, wo Einige lesen μήτε σύ, Πηλείδη, ϑέλ' ἐριζέμεναι βασιλῆι ἀντιβίην, sah Aristarch die dreisylbige Form des imperativ., ἔϑελε, deren erste Sylbe mit der letzten von Πηλείδη in eine Sylbe zusammengezogen werden müsse; um dies möglichst hervorzuheben, schrieb er Πηλείδἤϑελ', wobei zu berücksichtigen, daß die Wörter in seinen Ausgaben überhaupt nicht durch Zwischenräume getrennt waren; s. Pluygers Retract. edit. p. 11 Scholl. Aristonic. Iliad. 1, 277. 11, 217 Herodian. 1, 277. 8, 229; für unsere modernen Ausgaben empfiehlt sich die Bekkersche Schreibung μήτε σύ, Πηλείδη, ἔϑελ' ἐριζέμεναι, so daß die Zusammenziehung nur dem Lesen überlassen bleibt. Odyss. 15, 317 schreibt Bekker αἶψά κεν εὖ δρώοιμι μετὰ σφίσιν, ὅ ττ' ἐϑέλοιεν; ein aus Didymus geflossenes Schol. zu der Stelle bemerkt, Aristarch habe ἐϑέλοιεν geschrieben; er schrieb also etwa wie Bekker ὅ ττ' ἐϑέλοιεν oder ἅσσ' ἐϑέλοιεν; der gegen ὅ ττ' ἐϑέλοιεν erhobene Einwand, daß das ι in ὅτι oder ὅττι sonst bei Homer nirgends elidirt werde, hat keinerlei Gewicht. Iliad. 1, 554 scheint Aristarch ἅσσ' ἐϑέλῃσϑα geschri eben zu haben; von Dionysius Sidonius wird behauptet, er habe ὅττι geschrieben, also vielleicht ὅττι ϑέλῃσϑα, s. Scholl. Zenodot schrieb für Ἴλιον ἠνεμόεσσαν Iliad. 18, 174 Ἴλιον αἰπὺ ϑέλοντες, s. Scholl. Aristonic. Neuere setzen voraus, daß Aristarch seiner Theorie des stets dreisylbigen Homerischen ἐϑέλω zu Liebe Conjecturen gemacht, Lesarten erfunden und das »Ursprüngliche« »geändert« habe; diese Annahme entbehrt aber jedes Grundes; vielmehr muß bis zum Erweise das Gegentheil angenommen werden, daß Aristarch sich auch hier wie sonst strenge an die beste Ueberlieferung hielt. Gar keine Schwierigkeit machen Stellen wie Odyss. 3, 92 αἴ κ' ἐϑέλῃσϑα oder αἴ κε ϑέλῃσϑα, Iliad. 1, 133 ἦ ἐϑέλεις oder ἦε ϑέλεις. – Da ἐϑέλω so sehr oft bei Homer vorkommt, etwa dritthalbhundertmal, ist es auffallend, daß Homer außer dem nur einmal gebrauchten ἐϑελοντήρ, Odyss. 2, 292, kein einziges abgeleitetes oder anderweitig als unzweifelhaft verwandt erkennbares Wort gebraucht; ein compos. περιεϑέλω hat man fälschlich Iliad. 24, 236 zu sehen geglaubt, περὶ δ' ἤϑελε ϑυμῷ λύσασϑαι φίλον υἱόν. – Oefters wird ἐϑέλω absolut gebraucht: τὴν δ' ἐϑέλων ἐϑέλουσαν ἀνήγαγεν ὅνδε δόμονδε, gern die Willige, Od. 3, 272; τὸν Εὐφράνης ἐϑέλων ἄεισεν Pind. N. 4, 89; u. so tritt oft im partic. der Begriff des freiwilligen, geneigten stark hervor, vgl. Plat. Theaet. 143 d; καὶ ἑκών Polit. 299 e; – οὐκ ἐϑέλων, wider Willen, Iliad. 4, 300; παρ' οὐκ ἐϑέλων ἐϑελούσῃ Odyss. 5, 155. – Gewöhnl. mit dem inf. praes. od. aor., ἴσχεο, μηδ' ἔϑελ' οἶος ἐριζέμεναι βασιλεῠσιν Il. 2, 247, wolle nicht streiten, streite nicht, wie noli; πάντ' ἐϑέλω δόμεναι 7, 364; ὅτι χρὴ πάσχειν ἐϑέλω Aesch. Prom. 1069; κεδνῶν ἕκατι πραγμάτων ἂν ἤϑελον γνωστὸς γενέσϑαι Ch. 690; a. D., wie in Prosa, οὐ πάνυ εὐϑέως ἐϑέλει πείϑεσϑαι ὅ, τι ἄν τις εἴπῃ, er läßt sich (überhaupt, immer) nicht gern sogleich überreden, Plat. Phaed. 63 a; τετρωμένον οὐκ ἐϑέλων ἀπολιπεῖν, indem er (in diesem Falle) den Verwundeten nicht verlassen wollte, Conv. 220 a. Auch mit dem acc. c. inf., Ζεὺς ἤϑελ' Ἀχαιοῖσιν ϑάνατον πολέεσσι γενέσϑαι Il. 19, 274; ἐϑελῆσαί οἱ γενέσϑαι γυναῖκα Her. 1, 3. – Selten steht dabei ὥστε, Κύπρις γὰρ ἤϑελ' ὥστε γίγνεσϑαι τάδε Eur. Hipp. 1327. – Es folgt auch der conj., Soph. El. 80 ϑέλεις μείνωμεν αὐτοῠ κἀνακούσωμεν γόνων. – Wohl nur scheinbar ist die Verbindung mit ὄφρα Iliad. 1, 133 ἦ ἐϑέλεις ὄφρ' αὐτὸς ἔχῃς γέρας, αὐτὰρ ἔμ' αὔτως ἧσϑαι δευόμενον, κέλεαι δέ με τήνδ' ἀποδοῦναι, wo nach Classen Beobacht. üb. d. hom. Sprachgebr. 1 (1854) S. 25 von ἐϑέλεις zunächst ἐμὲ ἧσϑαι abhängt, an das sich ὄφρα αὐτὸς ἔχῃς als Absichtssatz reih't; nach ἐϑέλεις muß bei dieser Auffassung ein Comma stehen; das αὐτάρ ist grammatisch περιττῶς, rhetorisch aber von großer Wirkung, weil es die ungeordnet hervorstürzende Sprache des Zornigen kennzeichnet; zu vergleichen ist das bei Homer häufige δέ im Nach satz. – C. acc., wo der inf. aus dem Zusammenhange leicht zu ergänzen, εὔκηλος τὰ φράζεαι ἅσσ' ἐϑέλῃσϑα, sc. φράζεσϑαι, Il. 1, 554, vgl. 9, 397. 21, 484 Od. 14, 172; Ζεύς τοι δοίη ὅ, ττι μάλιστ' ἐϑέλεις, etwa σοὶ δοϑῆναι, 18, 113; σιτέονται οὐκ ὅσα ἐϑέλουσι Her. 1, 71: ὡς δὲ οὐδὲ ταῦτα ἤϑελον Thuc. 5, 50. – Nicht selten steht ἐϑέλειν, wo eigentlich δύνασϑαι stehn sollte, wie auch im Deutschen z. B. für »das Wasser kann nicht abfließen« gesagt wird »das Wasser will nicht abfließen«. So Hom. Iliad. 21, 366 οὐδ' ἔϑελε προρέειν, ἀλλ' ἴσχετο, Scholl. Aristonic. ἡ διπλῆ, ὅτι ἀντὶ τοῠ οὐκ ἠδύνατο· καὶ ἐν Ὀδυσσείᾳ (3, 121) »ἤϑελ', ἐπεὶ μάλα πολλὸν ἐνίκα δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς«; Odyss. 3, 121 ἔνϑ' οὔ τίς ποτε μῆτιν ὁμοιωϑήμεναι ἄντην ἤϑελ', ἐπεὶ μάλα πολλὸν ἐνίκα δῖος Ὀδυσσεὺς παντοίοισι δόλοισι, Scholl. Aristonic. ἤ ϑελε: (ἡ διπλῆ, ὅτι) ἀντὶ τοῦ ἠδύνατο· »οὐδ' ἔϑελε προρέειν ( Iliad. 21, 366)«, Scholl. E ἐδυνήϑη· ὡς τὸ »οὐ ϑέλει τὰ δένδρα διδάσκειν με Plat. Phaedr. 2303)«. Vgl. Iliad. 13, 106. 9, 353 Odyss. 8, 316. Für οὐδ' ἐδύναντο τείχεος ἔκτοσϑεν μίμνειν πολέες περ ἐόντες schrieb Aristophanes Byz. Iliad. 9, 551 οὐδ' ἐϑέλεσκον, was Aristarch für Homerisch erklärte, geholl. Didym. οὐδ' ἐδύναντο: ἐν τῇ Ἀριστοφάνους ο ὐδ' ἐϑέλεσκον· καὶ ἔστιν Ὁμηρικόν· » οὐδ' ἔϑελε προρέειν ( Iliad. 21, 366)«. Vgl. noch Apoll. Lez. Hom. p. 86, 33 ϑέλειν· τὸ δύνασϑαι· »οὐδ' ἔϑελε προρέειν« ἀντὶ τοῦ οὐκ ἐδύνατο. Τὰ χωρία καὶ τὰ δένδρα οὐδέν μ' ἐϑέλει διδάσκειν Plat. Phaedr. 230 d, was Greg. Cor. 135 als att. für οὐ δύναται erkl.; vgl. Epinom. 975 b; εἰ οὖν δὴ ἐϑέλησε ἐκτρέψαι τὸ ῥέεϑρον ὁ Νεῖλος ἐς τοϋτον τὸν Ἀράβιον κόλπον, τί μιν κωλύει Her. 2, 11, was wie 1, 109 εἰ δὲ ϑελήσει τούτου τελευτήσαντος ἐς τὴν ϑυγατάρα ταύτην ἀναβῆναι ἡ τυραννίς, dem μέλλω ähnlich, zur Umschreibung des Futurs dient und unserm soll entspricht; vgl. noch Ar. Vesp. 536. – An anderen Stellen entspricht ἐϑέλω unserm pflegen: ἡσσημένων δὲ ἀνδρῶν οὐκ ἐϑέλουσιν αἱ γνῶμαι πρὸς τοὺς αὐτοὺςἄνδρας ὅμοιαι εἶναι Thuc. 2, 84; Her. 1, 74; ταῦτα δὲ οὐκ ἔστιν ἰδεῖν ἀμελοῦντα, οὐ γὰρ ἐϑέλει αὐτόματα γίγνεσϑαι Xen. Mem. 3, 12, 8; vgl. Hell. 5, 4, 61. – Aber γνῶναι τὸ ἐϑέλει τὰ δῶρα λάγειν Her. 4, 131 ist ganz wie unser »was die Geschenke sagen wollen« für »zu bedeuten haben«; vgl. 1, 78. 6, 37.
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6 κατα-νοέω
κατα-νοέω, bemerken, betrachten, einsehen; Hippocr., der es auch intrans. braucht, bei Sinnen, bei Verstande sein; Her. 2, 93; τῆς περσίδος γλώσσης ὅσα ἠδύνατο κατενόησε, er lernte so viel er konnte, Thuc. 1, 138; οὐ γάρ πω κατανοῶ τὸ νῦν ἐρωτώμενον, ich verstehe es noch nicht, Plat. Soph. 233 c, öfter; mit folgdm partic., Thuc. 2, 3; περι τινος, überlegen, Xen. Cyr. 1, 6, 20, wie Pol. 2, 15, 4 u. Sp.; – τόδε κατανοητέον Plat. Polit. 305 c.
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7 δύναμαι
δύναμαι, können; 2. sing. indicat. praes. δύνασαι, Hom. Iliad. 1, 393. 16, 515 Odyss. 4, 374. 5, 25. 16, 256. 21. 171 Soph. Aj. 1164 Demosth. Mid. 207; statt δύνασαι in einigen Stellen bei Dichtern u. Sp. Prosa δύνῃ, δύνᾳ oder δύναι, wie statt ἐπί. στασαι Aeschyl. Eum. 86. 581 ἐπίστᾳ: Eurip. Hecub. 253 δρᾷς δ' οὐδὲν ἡμᾶς εὖ, κακῶς δ' ὅσον δύνῃ, kann auch ehr wohl conjunctiv. sein; Eurip. Andromach. 239 σὺ δ' οὐ λέγεις γε, δρᾷς δέ μ' εἰς ὅσον δύνῃ, kann auch sehr wohl conjunctiv. sein; Soph. Phil. 798 πῶς ἀεὶ καλούμενος οὕτω κατ' ἦμαρ οὐ δύνᾳ μολεῖν ποτε; vs. 849 ἀλλ' ὅτι δύνᾳ μάκιστον, κεῖνό μοι, κεῖνο λάϑρα ἐξιδοῠ ὅπως πράξεις; Theocrit. 10, 2 οὔτε τὸν ὄγμον ἄγειν ὀρϑὸν δύνᾳ ὡς τοπρὶν ἆγες; Aelian. V. H. 13, 31 σὺ μὲν γὰρ οὐδένα τῶν ἐμῶν δύνῃ ἀποσπάσαι; vgl. Scholl. Iliad. 14, 199 Odyss. 11, 221 Lobeck Phrynich. p. 359; 3. plural. δυνέαται Herodot. 2, 142; conjunctiv. δύνωμαι, 2. sing. δύνηαι Hom. Iliad. 6, 229, Tyrannio Properispom. δυνῆαι, »sowohl Aristarch als die Anderen« δύνηαι, s. Scholl. Herodian., Lehrs Aristarch. p. 309; δυνεώμεϑα Herodot. 4. 97, δυνέωνται 7, 163; optativ. δυναίμην; infin. δύνασϑαι, Scholl. Herodian. Iliad. 10, 67; imperfect. ἐδυνάμην, Att. ἠδυνάμην, nach Atticisten: ἐδύνασϑε Odyss. 21, 71; ἐδύναντο Iliad. 9, 551. 12, 417. 419. 432. 13, 552. 687. 15, 22. 406. 408. 416. 651. 16, 107. 18, 163 Odyss. 11, 264. 16, 35721, 184; δυνάμην Iliad. 19, 136 Odyss. 12, 232; δύνατο Iliad. 3, 451. 11, 120. 13, 436. 15, 617. 16, 141. 509. 19, 388. 21, 175. 22, 201. 23, 719. 720 Odyss. 10, 246. 19, 478. 21, 247. 24, 159. 170; δυνάμεσϑα Odyss. 9, 304. 12, 393; ἐδυνάμην Aristoph. Eccl. 316; ἐδύνω Xen. An. 1, 6, 7. 7, 5. 5; ἠδύνω Philippid. bei Athen. 15, 700 c; ἐδύνατο Herodot. 1, 10. 7, 134 Xen. Cyr. 7. 2, 4 Hell. 5, 4, 16; ἠδύνατο Xen. Hell. 2, 2, 9; ἠδύναντο Thuc. 7, 50; ἐδυνέατο Herodot. 4, 114; futur. δυνήσομαι; aorist. ἐδυνήϑην, Att. ἠδυνήϑην; bei Hom. kommt dieser aorist. nicht vor; ein anderer aorist. ἐδυνάσϑ ην wie von δυνάζω: Homer. ἐδυνάσϑη Iliad 23, 465 Odyss 5, 319, ἐδυνάσϑην Herodot. 2, 19, ἐδυνάσϑη Herodot. 2, 140, ἐδυνά-σϑησαν 7 106, δυνασϑῆναι 2, 110, ἐδυνάσϑη Pindar. Ol 1, 56. ἐδυνάσϑησαν Soph. O. R. 1212, ἐδυνάσϑην Eurip. Ion. 867, ἐδυνάσϑην Xen. Hell. 7, 3, 3, ἐδυνάσϑη Cyr. 1, 1, 5, δυνασϑῇ Hell. 2, 3, 33, δυνασϑείη An 7, 6, 20. δυνασϑῆναι Cyr. 4, 2, 12; ἠδυνάσϑης Jerem. 20, 7, ἠδυνάσϑη Marc 7, 24, vgl. Etymol. m. p 312, 10 καὶ ἀπὸ τοῠ δυνάζω ὁ μέλλων δυνάσω, ὁ παρακείμενος δεδύνακα, ὁ παϑητικὸς δεδύνασμαι, ἐδυνάσϑην καὶ Ἀττικῶς ἠδυνάσϑην; in derselben Bedeutung ein aorist. med. ἐδυνησὰμην: Homer. ἐδυνήσατο Iliad. 14, 33. 423, δυνήσατο Iliad. 5, 621. 13. 510. 607. 647 Odyss. 17, 303, δυνήσατο Arat. Phaenom. 375 Ep. ad. 618 (VII 148); sehr späte Prosa; perfect. δεδύνημαι: 2 sing. δεδύνησαι Antigon. Caryst. bei Athen. 8, 345 d; δεδυνήμεϑα Demosth. Phil. 1, 30, δεδύνηνται Demosth. Symmor. 1. – Bedeutung: 1) können, vermögen, im Stande sein, in Bezug auf die Außenwelt; von Hom. an überall; Gegensatz βούλεσϑαι Plat Hipp. mai. 301 c οὐχ οἷα βούλεταί τις, φασὶν ἄνϑρωποι ἑκάστοτε παροιμιαζόμενοι, ἀλλ' οἷα δύναται; gew. mit dem inf. praes. oder aor., selten mit dem inf. fut., εἰ σέ γε πείσειν δυνησόμεϑα Soph. Phil. 1380; vgl. Lob. zu Phryn. p. 748. Häufig ist der inf. aus dem Zusammenhang zu ergänzen od. das Wort absolut gebraucht, ἀλλὰ σύ, εἰ δύνασαί γε, περίσχεο παιδός, wenn du anders kannst, Il. 1, 393; τανῠν δ' εὔπομπος (γενοῠ) εἰ δύναιο Soph. O. R 697; ἐγώ τοι ταῠτα μεταστήσω· δύναμαι γάρ Od. 4, 612; Τηλέμαχον δὲ σὺ πέμψον ἐπισταμένως – δύνασαι γάρ –, ὥς κε ἴκηται Od. 5, 25; τοίη γάρ οἱ πομπὸς ἅμ' ἔρχεται, ἥν τε καὶ ἄλλοι ἀνέρες ἠρήσαντο παρεστάμεναι – δύναται γάρ –, Παλλὰς Ἀϑηναίη Od. 4, 827; αὐτάρ τοι τόδε ἔργον Ἀϑηναίης ἀγελείης, ἥ τέ με τοῖον ἔϑηκεν, ὅπ ως ἐϑέλει – δύναται γάρ –, ἄλλοτε μὲν πτωχῷ ἐναλίγκιον κτἑ. Od. 16, 208; δύνασαι γάρ, δύναται γάρ, er kann es ja, Callim. Apoll. 29 Del. 226. – Mit dem acc., δύναται γὰρ ἅπαντα, er kann alles (thun), Od. 4, 237. 14, 445; ϑεοὶ δέ τε πάντα δύνανται Od. 10, 306; ὅσσον δύναμαι χερσίν τε ποσίν τε, wie viel ich mit Händen u. Füßen ausrichten kann, Il. 20, 360; μέγα δυνάμενος, der Großmöächtige. Od. 1, 276. Bei Lys. 24 steht ὁ δυνάμενος dem ἀδύνατος entgegen u. wird §. 4 τῷ σώματι δύνασϑαι, von gesundem starkem Körper sein, erkl.; vgl. Aesch. 2, 95, im Ggstz von ἀῤῤωστία, u. Xen. An. 4, 5, 11. 12. Aehnl. ὁ πλουτῶν καὶ δυνάμενος χρήμασι Lys. 6, 48. So wird bes. das partic. oft in der Bdtg des Vielvermögenden, Mächtigen, Angesehenen gebraucht; δυνάμενος παρ' αὐτῷ μέγιστον τῶν Περσέων Her. 7, 5; vgl. Thuc. 1, 33. 6, 39; δυνάμενοι ἐν τοῖς πρώτοις 4, 105; οἱ μέγιστον δυνάμενοι ἐν ταῖς πόλεσιν Plat. Phaedr. 257 d; οἱ δυνάμενοι ἐν ταῖς πόλεσι πράττειν Protag. 317 a; μάλιστα γὰρ δύνανται οἱ πλουσιώτατοι 326 b; οἱ τὸ μέγιστον δυνάμενοι Xen. An. 7, 6, 37; δυνάμενος τῷ τε πράττειν τῷ τε λέγειν Dem. 49, 9, u. so noch Sp., wie D. Cass. 44, 33. – Bei Superl. nach ὡς, ὅπως oder Relat. drückt es den höchstmöglichen Grad aus; ὡς ἐδυναμεϑα ἀρίστην, die beste, die wir konnten, die bestmögliche, Plat. Rep. IV, 434 e; ὅτι ἥξοι ἔχων ἱππέας ὡς ἂν δύνηται πλείστους Xen. An. 1, 6, 3; ὡς ἐδύνατο τάχιστα, so schnell wie möglich; προϑυμούμενος πρᾶξαι ὁπόσα πλεῖστα ἠδυνάμην Cyr. 5, 5, 26; δι' ἐπιμελείας ἧς ἐδύναντο πλείστης D. Hal. 1, 69, mit der möglichst großen Sorgfalt; vgl. οὕτως ὅπως δύναμαι, so gut wie ich vermag, Plat. Phaedr. 228 c; οὕτως ὅπως ἂν δυνώμεϑα Isocr. 14, 4; ὡς ἐδύνατο, wie er immer konnte, Xen. An. 2, 6, 2. 7, 2, 3. – 2) können, über sich gewinnen, im Stande sein, in Bezug auf den eigenen Willen, bes. mit der Negat., τῷ σε καὶ οὐ δύναμαι προλιπεῖν δύστηνον ἐόντα, ich kann es nicht über mich gewinnen, ich mag, kann nicht dich im Unglück verlassen, Od. 18, 331; οὐ δύναμαι βιοτεύειν Thuc. 1, 130 u. A. So auch in der Frage: τὸ δ' αὖ ξυνοικεῖν τῇδ' ὁμοῠ τίς ἂν γυνὴ δύναιτο; Soph. Tr. 846, wie auch Ant. 451 zu nehmen, οὐδὲ σϑένειν τοσοῦτον ᾠόμην τὰ σὰ κηρύγμαϑ' ὥστ' ἄγραπτα – ϑεῶν νόμιμα δύνασϑαι ϑνητὸν ὄνϑ' ὑπερδραμεῖν, daß ich die Sterbliche es über mich vermöchte; οὐ δύναμαι μὴ γελᾶν, d. i. ich muß lachen, Ar. Ran. 42. – 3) gelten, bedeuten, zunächst vom Gelde, ὁ σίγλος δύναται ἑπτὰ ὀβολοὺς καὶ ἡμιοβόλιον Ἀττικούς, macht aus, gilt 71/2 att. Obolen, Xen. An. 1, 5, 6; ὁ Κυζικηνὸς ἐδύνατο ἐκεῖ κη' δραχμάς Dem. 34, 23; vgl. Ael. V. H. 1, 22; dah. καὶ δύναται παρ' ἐκείνοις Ἀττικὸς ὀβολός, er gilt bei ihnen, Luc. de luct. 10. Aehnl. Her. τριηκόσιαι ἀνδρῶν γενεαὶ δυνέαται (betragen) μύρια ἔτεα 2, 142. Von Wörtern, bedeuten, wie B. A. p. 89 τί δύναται ἥδε ἡ λέξις; neben ὁ στατὴρ πόσους ὀβολοὺς δύναται; δύναται τὸ νεοδαμῶδες ἐλεύϑερον ἤδη εἶναι Thuc. 7, 58; vgl. Her. 2, 80. 4, 192; τὸ κολάζειν, τί ποτε δύναται; Plat. Prot. 324 a; τοῠτο γὰρ δύναται ὁ λόγος Euthyd. 286 c; τοῠτο δύνανται αἱ ἀγγελίαι, das haben die Botschaften zu bedeuten, Thuc. 6, 36; τί δύναται τὸ τριβώνιον; Ar. Plut. 842; ἦν δὲ αὕτη ἡ στρατηγία οὐδὲν ἄλλο δυναμένη ἢ ἀποφυγεῖν, sie hatte nichts anders zu bedeuten, war nichts als eine andere Art von Flucht, Xen. An. 2, 2, 13, womit Krüger Thuc. 1, 141 vergleicht: τὴν αὐτὴν δύναται δούλωσιν ἥτε μεγίστη καὶ ἐλαχίστη δικαίωσις; λόγους ὡς ἔργα δυναμένους, gleich Thaten, 6, 40; u. so noch Sp.; – in der Mathematik, ein Quadrat geben von Linien u. Zahlen, z. B. τριγώνου ὀρϑογωνίου ἡ τὴν ὀρϑὴν γωνίαν ὑποτείνουσα ἴσον δύναται ταῖς περιεχούσαις, die Hypot. giebt ein gleiches Quadrat, d. i. das Quadrat der Hypotenuse ist gleich den Quadraten der Katheten zusammengenommen, Ath. X, 418 f; vgl. Plat. Theaet. 147 e ff. – 4) imperf., δύναται, = δυνατόν ἐστι, es ist möglich, δύναται ἀρετὴν γενέσϑαι καὶ μένειν ἄϋλον Plut. de virt. mor. 1, wo man ἀρετή geändert hat; τοῖς Σπαρτιήτῃσι καλλιερῆσαι οὐκ ἐδύνατο, es sollten die Opfer für die Sp. nicht glücklich ausfallen, Her. 7, 134; vgl. 9, 45. – In δυναμένοιο braucht Hom. υ lang Od. 1, 276. 11, 414; eben so ἀνδρὸς μέγα δυναμένοιο Eiresion. in Vit. Homeri Pseudoherodot. 33; und Eigenname Δῡναμένη Iliad. 18, 43 Hes. Th. 248.
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8 ἐπ-άνω
ἐπ-άνω, oben darüber, darauf; ἐπάνω κατακεισόμεϑα Ar. Lys. 773; Her. 1, 179; ὥσπερ ϑριγκὸς ἐπάνω κεῖσϑαι Plat. Rep. VII, 534 e; ὁ ἐπάνω, der Obere, Legg. VIII, 844 c; auch c. gen., ἐπάνω αὐτῆς οἰκεῖν Phaed. 109 d; χρημάτων ἐπάνω εἶναι D. L. 6, 28, das Geld verachten; ἐπ. τῆς κακίας γέγονε Plut. adv. St. 10. – Von der Verwandtschaft, πρόγονοι καὶ πατέρες καὶ τούτων ἐπάνω Dem. 50, 7. – Im Buche, oben, ἐν τοῖς ἐπάνω εἴρηται, ist im Obigen, im Vorhergehenden gesagt, Xen. An. 6, 3, 1; τὰ ἐπάνω λεχϑέντα Strab. II p. 115 u. A. – Auch von der Zeit, früher, ἐν τοῖς ἐπ. χρόνοις D. S. 16, 42; LXX. – Ueber, mehr als, ἠδύνατο πραϑῆναι ἐπάνω τριακοσίων δηναρίων N. T.
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9 ἐκ-νῑκάω
ἐκ-νῑκάω, 1) gänzlich besiegen, überwinden; ὁ χρυσὸς ἐκνικᾷ τάδε Eur. Ion 629. Oefter bei Sp. ohne Unterschied von νικάω, vgl. Pol. 15, 3, 6; Ath. V, 188 a; τὸν δῆμον, das Volk gewinnen, Ael. V. H. 10, 1; οὐκ ἐξενικήϑη, er ließ sich nicht dazu bringen, ibd. – 2) Häufig intrans., überhand nehmen, allgemein in Gebrauch kommen, (καλεῖσϑαι Ἕλληνας) οὐκ ἠδύνατο καὶ ἅπασιν ἐκνικῆσαι Thuc. 1, 3, Schol. ἐπικρατῆσαι; τὰ πολλὰ ὑπο χρόνου ἀπίστως ἐπὶ τὸ μυϑῶδες ἐκνενικηκότα, ist ins Fabelhafte ausgeschlagen, fabelhaft geworden, 1, 21; Suid. Μαρᾶς· ἐξενίκησεν ἐς παροιμίαν; παλαιὸν κακὸν ἐς τοὐμφανὲς ἐξενίκησε, hat sichtlich überhand genommen, Luc. abdic. 6; D. C. 39, 35.
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10 δύναμαι
+ V 65-61-52-72-82=332 Gn 13,6.16; 15,5; 19,19.22to be able Gn 30,8; id. [+inf.] Gn 13,16; to dare [+inf.] Ex 7,18οὐκ ἠδύνατο ὁ βασιλεὺς πρὸς αὐτούς the king could not resist them, the king could not prevail over themJer 45(38),5; οὐκ ἠδυνήθησάν μοι they did not prevail over me Ps 128(129),2*JgsA 18,7 δυναμένους they that were able-יכל for MT מכלים כלם making ashamed, perverting; *Hos 11,4 δυνήσομαι αὐτῷ I shall prevail over him-לו אוכל יכל for MT לא אוכיל׃ I fed. Not...→TWNT -
11 προβιβάζω
A- άσω D.C.58.23
, [dialect] Att. :— causal of προβαίνω, cause to step forward, lead on, τινα S.OC 180 (lyr.); ποῖ προβιβᾷς ἡμᾶς ποτε; to what point, how far do you mean to carry us ? Ar.l.c.; τινὰ εἰς ἀρετήν, εἰς ἐγκράτειαν, Pl.Prt. 328a, X.Mem.1.5.1; ἕως Μακεδονίας τὴν ἀρχήν extend it.., D.H.1.3; push on,οὐδὲν ἠδύνατο π. τῶν ἔργων Plb.5.100.1
:—[voice] Pass., to be developed, improved, of machines, Hero Bel.74.4.2 push forward, advance, τὸ ὑπερκείμενον τοῦ κρημνοῦ (by building a wall) D.S.4.78; exalt,τὴν πατρίδα Plb.9.10.4
; τινὰ ἐς τὰς ἀρχάς promote him, D.C.l.c.;δύναμιν Phld. Rh.1.40
S.3 teach, , cf. Plu.Cat.Mi.36 (dub.); put forward as a representative, Act.Ap.19.33 (v.l.):— [voice] Pass., to be instructed or egged on,ὑπὸ τῆς μητρός Ev.Matt.14.8
.II intr., = προβαίνω, Plb.10.44.1, Aristid.2.231 J.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > προβιβάζω
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12 ταχύς
I of motion, swift, fleet, opp. βραδύς,1 of persons and animals, either abs., Il.18.69, etc.; or more fully,πόδας ταχύς 13.249
, 482, 17.709, etc.;ταχὺς ἔσκε θέειν Od.17.308
; θείειν τ. Il.16.186, Od.3.112; κύνες, ἔλαφος, πτώξ, ἵππος, Il.3.26, 8.248, 17.676, 23.347, etc.;οἰωνόν, ταχὺν ἄγγελον 24.292
, cf. Od.15.526; τ. βαδιστής a quick walker, E.Med. 1182; σφοδροὶ καὶ τ. X.Cyr.2.1.31.2 of things,τ. πόδες Il.6.514
, cf. Od.13.261, etc.; τ. ἰός, ὀϊστοί, Il.4.94, Od.22.3, etc.; ;- ύτατα ἅρματα Pi.O.1.77
; νῆες, τριήρεις, Hdt.8.23, Th.6.43, etc.; [ἴχνος] τὸ τοῦ ποδὸς μὲν βραδύ, τὸ τοῦ δὲ νοῦ ταχύ E. Ion 742
.II of thought and purpose, quick, hasty, : c. inf., βλάπτειν τ. Ar.Ra. 1428;τ. βουλεῦσαί τι ἀνήκεστον Th.1.132
, cf. 118, Luc. Dem.Enc.12; alsoτ. πρὸς ὀργήν Plu.Cat.Mi.1
; τὸ ταχύ speed, haste, E.Ph. 452, X.Eq.7.18, etc.2 of actions, events, etc., rapid, sudden, ; ᾅδης, μόρος, E.Hipp. 1047, Mosch.3.26;πόλεμος Th.4.55
, 6.45;φυγή Id.4.44
; ; short, τ. ἐλπίδες fleeting hopes, Pi.P.1.83;ἐπαυρέσεις Th.2.53
; ;ταχεῖ σὺν χρόνῳ S.OC 1602
; τ. διήγησις short, rapid, Arist. Rh. 1416b30.B Adv.,1 regul. τᾰχέως, quickly, opp. βραδέως, Il.23.365, Hes.Th. 103, etc.:—rarely in sense perhaps (cf.τάχα 11
), Plb.16.25.8.2 the Adv. is also expressed by periphr., διὰ ταχέων in haste, Th.1.80, 3.13, Pl.Ap. 32d, X.An.1.5.9;ἐκ ταχείας S.Tr. 395
; cf.τάχος 11
.3 neut. ταχύ as Adv., Pi.P.10.51, N.1.51, S.Ph. 349, E.HF 885 (lyr.), Ar.Eq. 109, Gal.16.665, etc.; ἤδη ἤδη τ. τ. Sammelb. 4321.21, BGU956.3 (both iii A.D.); ἄρτι ἄρτι τ. τ. Arch.Pap.5.393 (ii A.D.); also τάχα (q.v.).4 the Adj. ταχύς is freq. construed with Verbs, where we should use the Adv.,ταχέες δ' ἱππῆες ἄγερθεν Il.23.287
;ταχεῖά γ' ἦλθε χρησμῶν πρᾶξις A.Pers. 739
;ὁρμάσθω ταχύς S.Ph. 526
; δεῦρ' ἀφίξεται τ. Id.OC 307;τ. χάρις διαρρεῖ Id.Aj. 1266
, cf. Th.2.75, 5.66.C Degrees of Comparison:I [comp] Comp.:1 the form [full] τᾰχύτερος, α, ον, is used by Hdt., , cf. 7.194; also in Arist.Mu. 394b3, Arr.Ind.9.6, Aret.SD1.16, but not in good [dialect] Att.; ταχύτερον as Adv., Hdt.4.127, 9.101, Hp. Prog.17.2 the more usual form is [full] θάσσων, neut. θᾶσσον, gen. ονος, [dialect] Att. [full] θάττων, neut. θᾶττον, Il.15.570, 13.819 (elsewh. only neut. in Hom.), etc.:—neut. as Adv., freq. in Hom., Od.2.307, al.; θᾶσσον ἂν.. κλύοιμι sooner, i.e. rather, would I hear, S.Ph. 631; θᾶσσον also often stands for the Positive, Il.2.440, Od.15.201, 16.130, Pi.P.4.181, Ar.Nu. 506, V. 187, Ra.94; οὐ θᾶσσον οἴσεις; i.e. make haste and bring, S.Tr. 1183, cf. OT 430; θᾶττον νοήματος quicker than thought, X.Mem.4.3.13, cf. Ar.V. 824, etc.; with a Conj., ὅτι θᾶσσον, like ὅτι τάχιστα, Theoc.24.48; ἐπειδὴ θᾶττον συνεσκότασεν as soon as.., D.54.5;ἐπειδὰν θ. συνιῇ τις Pl.Prt. 325c
;ὅταν θ. φθέγγηται ὁ κόκκυξ Arist.HA 563b17
, cf. 611a5; ἐὰν or ἢν θ. as soon as.., X.Cyr.3.3.20, An.6.5.20, Pl.Alc.1.105a; ἂν θ. Men. Pk. 174; εἰ θ. Pl.Ep. 324b; ὡς θ. Plb.1.66.1, 3.82.1; θ. rarely = sooner than, before, ἐξήλαυνον μεσημβρίας οὐ πολλῷ τινι θ. Aristid. Or.51 (27).13 (cf. τάχιον infr. 3).3 the form [full] ταχίων [pron. full] [ῑ], neut. ιον, is freq. in late Prose, as LXX Wi.13.9, 1 Ma.2.40, Ph.Bel.69.14, 17, 73.23, Gem.1.20, D.H.6.42, D.S.20.6, J. (v. infr.), Plu.2.240d, Ev.Jo. 20.4, Alciphr.3.4; also in Hp.Mul.1.1, Men.402.16; but condemned by Phryn.58, Hdn.Philet.p.436 P.; τὴν ταχίονα τῆς τροφῆς παράθεσιν earlier, sooner, Gal.19.206:—Adv. τάχιον earlier, πλέεται.. περὶ τὸν Σεπτέμβριον μῆνα.., οὐδὲν δὲ κωλύει κἂν τ. Peripl.M.Rubr. 24; τ. τῆς ὑποσχέσεως sooner than they had promised, Rev.Ét.Gr. 6.159 ([place name] Iasus);τ. τοῦ παραγγέλματος J.BJ4.4.2
;εἰς μακρὸν αὐτῶν γῆρας καὶ βίου μῆκος ὅμοιον τοῖς τ. ἐπερχομένων Id.AJ1.3.7
;ἀποπαύεται οὔτε τ. ἐτῶν τεσσαράκοντα οὔτε βράδιον ἐτῶν πεντήκοντα Sor. 1.20
, cf. 48, al.; formerly,ἐπεσκεύασαν τὸ παρόχιον,.. τ. γενόμενον γυμνάσιον IGRom.3.639
(Lycia, ii A.D.), cf. 4.1517 ([place name] Sardis), 1632.14 ([place name] Philadelphia), 1665.5 ([place name] Tira), Keil-Premerstein Dritter Bericht p.79 (iii A.D.), Hermes 63.229 ([place name] Callatis); cf. supr. 2 fin.II [comp] Sup.:1 the form [full] ταχύτατος is rare,ταχύτατα ἅρματα Pi.O.1.77
; ταχύτατα as Adv., X.HG5.1.27 codd., Antiph.87 codd.; but both passages have been corrected.2 the usual form is [full] τάχιστος, η, ον, used by Hom. only in neut. pl. τάχιστα as Adv., most quickly, most speedily, ὅττι τάχιστα as soon as may be, as soon as possible, Il.4.193, 9.659, al.;ὅτι τάχιστα S.OT 1341
(lyr.), Th.3.31, etc.; so ὅσον τ. A.Ch. 772, S. OT 1436, etc.; ᾳ (prob.) τ. Pi.O.13.79; ὅπως τ. A.Ag. 605, S.OT 1410, Ar.V. 167; ὡς τ. IG12.76.23, Hdt.1.210, Th.4.15, E.Rh. 147, X.An.1.3.14: these are ellipt. phrases, as may be seen from the foll. examples,ὡς δυνατόν ἐστι τάχιστα Pl.Lg. 710b
, X.Cyr. 5.4.3; ᾗ δυνατὸν τ. Id.HG6.3.6; ὡς or ᾗ ἠδύνατο τ. Id.Cyr.3.2.14, An.1.2.4; ὡς δύναιτο τ. Hdt.1.79; ὡς or ᾗ ἂν δύνωμαι τ. X.HG4.1.38, Cyr.7.1.9, cf. IG12.106.18.b τάχιστα after Particles of Time, as soon as, ἐπεὶ ([dialect] Ion. ἐπεί τε) , Hdt.1.27,75, 7.163, X.An.7.2.6, PCair.Zen.34.12 (iii B.C.); ἐπειδὴ τ. Pl.Prt. 310d, Is.9.3, D.27.16, etc.; ἐπεὰν τ. Hdt.4.134, 7.129, 8.144; ἐπὰν τ. X.An.4.6.9; ἐπειδὰν τ. Id.Cyr.1.3.14, An.3.1.9; ὅταν τ. Id.Cyr.4.5.33: also ὡς τ. separated by one or more words,ὡς ἡμέρη τ. ἐγεγόνεε Hdt.1.11
, cf. 19, 47,65, al., X.Cyr.1.3.2, Mem.1.2.16, al.;ὡς δὲ τ. ἐξῆλθε.. κόρον ἔτεκε IG42(1).121.4
(Epid., iv B.C.);ὡς γὰρ τ. εἰσῆλθον Men.Pk. 287
;ὡς ἂν τ. λάβῃς τὴν ἐπιστολήν PCair.Zen.241.1
(iii B.C.); but ὡς τ. γὰρ ἀπεδήμησας ib.472.7 (iii B.C.); ὅπως τ. A.Pr. 230:—the same notion is sometimes expressed by the part., ἀπαλλαγεὶς τάχιστα, = ὡς ἀπηλλάγη τ., Plu.Dem.8, cf. 25.3 freq. also in Prose, τὴν ταχίστην (in full,τὴν τ. ὁδόν X.An.1.2.20
, Luc.Rh.Pr.4 ) as Adv., by the quickest way, i.e. most quickly, Hdt. 1.24,73,81,86, Hyp.Eux.7, Men. Pk.75, Plb.1.33.4, etc. (Cf. Lith. (dial.) deñgti, Lett. diêgt, both = 'run quickly', Polish dążyć 'hurry'.) -
13 ὑπερβάθμιος
ὑπερβάθμιος, ον,A stepping over the threshold: metaph., going beyond bounds, transgressing, ἤρξαντο ὑ. τείνειν πόδα ὡς ἠδύνατο ἕκαστος, of satraps, Anon.Hist.( FGrH155) p.836J.; ὑ. πόδα ἀποτείνειν, prov. of meddling with theology, Ascl.in Metaph.98.11;ὑ. π. τείνειν Marin.Procl.13
, Agath.2.29, cf. Suid. s.v. ὑπερβάθμιος; ὑ. π. πέμπειν Phlp.in Cat.6.13.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὑπερβάθμιος
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14 κατανοέω
κατα-νοέω, bemerken, betrachten, einsehen; intrans., bei Sinnen, bei Verstande sein; τῆς περσίδος γλώσσης ὅσα ἠδύνατο κατενόησε, er lernte so viel er konnte; οὐ γάρ πω κατανοῶ τὸ νῦν ἐρωτώμενον, ich verstehe es noch nicht; περι τινος, überlegen -
15 Acquainted with
adj.P. and V. ἔμπειρος (gen.), ἐπιστήμων (gen.), V. ἴδρις (gen.); see versed in.Knowing: V. ἴστωρ (gen.) (also Plat. but rare P.).He made himself acquainted with all he could of the Persian language and the customs of the country: P. τῆς Περσίδος γλώσσης ὅσα ἠδύνατο κατενόησε καὶ τῶν ἐπιτηδευμάτων τῆς χώρας (Thuc. 1, 138).Woodhouse English-Greek dictionary. A vocabulary of the Attic language > Acquainted with
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16 Learn
v. trans.Be taught: P. and V. διδάσκεσθαι.Be informed: P. and V. μανθάνειν, ἀκούειν, πυνθάνεσθαι, V. πεύθεσθαι, Ar. and V. ἐκπυνθάνεσθαι, κλύειν, P. διαπυνθάνεσθαι.He learnt all that he could of the Persian tongue: P. τῆς Περσίδος γλώσσης ὅσα ἠδύνατο κατενόησε (Thuc. 1, 138).Learn beforehand: P. and V. προμανθάνειν, P. προπυνθάνεσθαι (absol.).Learn besides: Ar. and V. προσμανθάνειν.Learn by heart: P. and V. ἐκμανθάνειν.Learn subsequently: P. ἐπιμανθάνειν.Woodhouse English-Greek dictionary. A vocabulary of the Attic language > Learn
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17 Meaning
subs.P. and V. δύναμις, ἡ (Soph., O.R. 938), P. διάνοια, ἡ, βούλησις, ἡ.Have a double meaning, v.: P. ἐπαμφοτερίζειν.Hidden meaning: P. ὑπόνοια, ἡ.Till you learn the meaning of joy and sorrow: V. ἕως τὸ χαίρειν καὶ τὸ λυπεῖσθαι μάθῃς (Soph., Aj. 555).What was the meaning of this? P. τί τοῦτʼ ἠδύνατο (Dem. 233).We know that this is the meaning of your bringing us before a committee: P. γιγνώσκομεν ὅτι τοῦτο φρονεῖ ὑμῶν ἡ εἰς τοὺς ὀλίγους ἀγωγή (Thuc. 5, 85).Woodhouse English-Greek dictionary. A vocabulary of the Attic language > Meaning
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18 εἰ
1εἰ (Hom.+)① marker of a condition, existing in fact or hypothetical, if (B-D-F §371f, neg. §428, 1; 2; Rob., indexes; JBoyer, Grace Theological Journal 2, ’81, 75–141, marker of a ‘simple, logical connection between protasis and apodosis’).ⓐ w. the indic.α. in all tenses, to express a condition thought of as real or to denote assumptions relating to what has already happened εἰ υἱὸς εἶ τοῦ θεοῦ if you really are the Son of God Mt 4:3; sim. 5:29f; 6:23; 8:31; Ac 5:39. εἰ σὺ Ἰουδαῖος ἐπονομάζῃ if you call yourself a Judean Ro 2:17. εἰ κατακαυχᾶσαι, οὐ σὺ βαστάζεις if you do boast, (remember) you do not support 11:18 al. In Paul the verb is freq. missing, and is to be supplied fr. the context: εἰ Χριστὸς ἐν ὑμῖν (sc. ἐστιν), τὸ μὲν σῶμα νεκρόν (sc. ἐστιν) 8:10. εἰ τέκνα (sc. ἐστέ) if you are children, then … vs. 17, εἰ χάριτι (γέγονεν), οὐκέτι ἐξ ἔργων 11:6 al. The negative in clauses where the reality of the condition is taken for granted is οὐ (earlier Gk. μή [for exception s. Goodwin p. 138f]; s. B-D-F §428, 1): εἰ οὐ δύναται τοῦτο παρελθεῖν Mt 26:42. εἰ δὲ ὑμεῖς οὐκ ἀφίετε Mk 11:25 [26] v.l. εἰ πιστοὶ οὐκ ἐγένεσθε Lk 16:11f; εἰ οὐκ ἀκούουσιν vs. 31. εἰ οὐ φοβοῦμαι Lk 18:4; cp. J 5:47; 10:37; Ro 8:9; 11:21; 1 Cor 7:9; 9:2; 11:6; 15:13ff, 29, 32; 16:22 al. εἰ is rarely found w. the future εἰ πάντες σκανδαλισθήσονται Mt 26:33; Mk 14:29; εἰ ἀρνησόμεθα 2 Ti 2:12 (cp. Just., A I, 31, 6 εἰ μὴ ἀρνοῖντο Ἰησοῦν); εἰ ὑπομενεῖτε 1 Pt 2:20; εἰ καὶ οὐ δώσει (class. ἐὰν καὶ μὴ δῷ B-D-F §372, 3; Rob. 1012) Lk 11:8. W. aor., when events are regarded as having taken place Mt 24:22; Mk 3:26; 13:20.β. w. the pres., impf., aor., or plpf. indic. to express an unreal (contrary to fact) condition (B-D-F §360; 372; Rob. 1012ff). ἄν is usu. found in the apodosis (regularly in class.) εἰ ἐν Τύρῳ καὶ Σίδωνι ἐγένοντο αἱ δυνάμεις, πάλαι ἂν μετενόησαν if the wonders had been done in T. and S., they would have repented long ago Mt 11:21. εἰ ἤμεθα ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν if we had lived in the days of our fathers 23:30. εἰ ᾔδει ὁ οἰκοδεσπότης if the master of the house had known 24:43 (cp. Just., A I, 12, 2 εἰ … ταῦτα ἐγίνωσκον; 18, 1 al.) εἰ ἦν προφήτης, ἐγίνωσκεν ἄν if he were a prophet, he would know Lk 7:39 al. The pres. indic. εἰ ἔχετε (v.l. εἴχετε) πίστιν … ἐλέγετε ἄν if you had faith … you would say Lk 17:6. Somet. ἄν is lacking in the apodosis (Polyaenus 2, 3, 5 εἰ ἐπεποιήκειμεν … νῦν ἐχρῆν=if we had done … it would have been necessary; Mitt-Wilck. II/2, 16, 18 [II B.C.]; PRein I, 7 [II B.C.]; POxy 526, 10; 530, 8 and 17; Just., A I, 10, 6; 11:2 al.—PMelcher, De sermone Epict., diss. Halle 1905, 75; Mlt. 200f) εἰ μὴ ἦν οὗτος παρὰ θεοῦ, οὐκ ἠδύνατο if this man were not from God, he would not have been able to … J 9:33. εἰ μὴ ἦλθον, ἁμαρτίαν οὐκ εἴχοσαν if I had not come, they would not have sin 15:22; cp. vs. 24. W. the apodosis placed first Mk 9:42 (v.l. περιέκειτο), Lk 17:2; J 19:11.ⓑ εἰ w. subj., as καὶ εἴ τις θελήσῃ Rv 11:5 (s. 7 below), is unusual, perh. a textual error; B-D-F §372, 3 conjectures κἄν for καὶ εἰ. But εἰ w. subj. is found in the older poets and Hdt. (Kühner-G. II 474), in Aristoph., Equ. 698 et al., in var. dialects (EHermann, Griech. Forschungen I 1912, 277f) and in later times (e.g. Epict., Vett. Val., Lucian [ed. CJacobitz, Index graec. 473a]; Philostrat., Vi. Apoll. p. 84, 28; 197, 9; ins [Rdm.2 199]; PRyl 234, 12; POxy 496, 11; Dt 8:5); B-D-F §372, 3; Mlt. 187; Reinhold 107; OSchulthess, AKaegi Festschr. 1919, 161f.ⓒ εἰ w. the optative is rare: εἰ καὶ πάσχοιτε … μακάριοι even if you should suffer, … you would be blessed 1 Pt 3:14. εἰ θέλοι (v.l. θέλει) τὸ θέλημα τοῦ θεοῦ if it should be God’s will vs. 17. εἴ τι ἔχοιεν (sc. κατηγορεῖν; cp. Just., A I, 3, 1 εἰ … μηδὲν ἔχοι τις ἐλέγχειν) πρὸς ἐμέ if they should have any charges to bring against me Ac 24:19. εἰ δυνατὸν εἴη (Jos., Ant. 12, 12) if it should be possible 20:16 (but s. B-D-F §385, 2; Just., A II, 15, 2 εἰ δύναιντο). εἰ τύχοι is used as a formula (oft. in later wr., incl. Philo; s. KReik, D. Opt. bei Polyb. u. Philo 1907, 154; Just., A I, 27, 3) it may be, for example, perhaps 1 Cor 15:37; used to tone down an assertion which may be too bold 14:10 (Lucian, Icar. 6 καὶ πολλάκις, εἰ τύχοι, μηδὲ ὁπόσοι στάδιοι Μεγαρόθεν Ἀθήναζέ εἰσιν, ἀκριβῶς ἐπιστάμενοι ‘and many times, so it appears, not even knowing how many stades it is from Megara to Athens’).② marker of an indirect question as content, that (Kühner-G. II 369, 8; Rob. 965. Cp. Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 67 §283 ἀγανακτέω εἰ=be exasperated that; Sir 23:14 θελήσεις εἰ μὴ ἐγεννήθης; 2 Macc 14:28; 4 Macc 2:1; 4:7. S. on θαυμάζω 1aγ) ἐθαύμασεν εἰ ἤδη τέθνηκεν he was surprised that he was already dead Mk 15:44a. μὴ θαυμάζετε εἰ μισεῖ ὑμᾶς ὁ κόσμος do not wonder that the world hates you 1J 3:13; θαυμαζόντων …, εἰ τοσαύτη σπουδὴ ἦν τοῦ συλληφθῆναι that there was such interest in arresting MPol 7:2; AcPlCor 2:2 (cp. Just., A II, 8, 3 οὐδὲν … θαυμαστόν, εἰ). Sim. also (Procop. Soph., Ep. 123 χάριν ἔχειν εἰ=that) μαρτυρόμενος … εἰ παθητὸς ὁ Χριστός testifying … that the Christ was to suffer (s. πάσχω 3aα) Ac 26:23.—οὐ μέγα εἰ it is not surprising that 2 Cor 11:15 (cp. Aeschin., In Ctes. 94 ἐστὶ δεινὸν εἰ; Diod S 23, 15, 5, παράδοξον … εἰ=incredible … that; ibid. θαυμαστὸν εἰ; Gen 45:28 μέγα μοί ἐστιν εἰ).— That is also poss. after verbs of knowing or not knowing, e.g. J 9:25; Ac 19:2b; 1 Cor 1:16; 7:16; so CBurchard, ZNW 52, ’61, 73–82 but s. 5bα.③ marker in causal clauses, when an actual case is taken as a supposition, where we also can use if instead of since: εἰ τὸν χόρτον … ὁ θεὸς οὕτως ἀμφιέννυσιν if God so clothes the grass Mt 6:30; Lk 12:28; cp. Mt 7:11; Lk 11:13; J 7:23; 10:35; 13:14, 17, 32; Ac 4:9; 11:17; Ro 6:8; 15:27; Col 2:20; Hb 7:15; 1 Pt 1:17; 1J 4:11.④ marker of strong or solemn assertion, without apodosis (=in aposiopesis; B-D-F §482; Rob. 1203) εἰ ἔγνως if you only knew Lk 19:42. εἰ βούλει παρενέγκαι if you would only let (this) pass 22:42 v.l. (cp. the letter fr. IV B.C. in Dssm., LO 120, note 5 [LAE 149]).—Hebraistic in oaths, like אִם: may this or that happen to me, if … (cp. 2 Km 3:25; GBuchanan, HTR 58, ’65, 319–24); this amounts to a strong negation certainly not (cp. Ps 7:4f; Gen 14:23) ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν εἰ δοθήσεται truly, I tell you, it will not be given Mk 8:12 (NColeman, JTS 28, 1927, 159–67 interprets this as strongly positive; against him FBurkitt, ibid. 274–76). εἰ εἰσελεύσονται they shall certainly not enter Hb 3:11; 4:3, 5 (all 3 Ps 94:11); B-D-F §372, 4; 454, 5; Mlt-H. 468f; Rob. 94; 1024.⑤ marker of direct and indirect questions (without particle following)ⓐ (not in earlier Gk., B-D-F §440, 3; Rob. 916) w. direct questions (Gen 17:17; 44:19; Am 3:3–6; 6:12; TestAbr A 15 p.96, 8 [Stone p. 40]; 18 p. 100, 13 [St. p. 48]): εἰ ἔξεστιν; is it permitted, may one? Mt 12:10; 19:3 (cp. Mk 10:2); Lk 14:3 v.l.; Ac 21:37; 22:25. εἰ ὀλίγοι οἱ σωζόμενοι; are there only a few who will be saved? Lk 13:23; cp. Mk 8:23; Lk 22:49; Ac 1:6; 7:1; 19:2a. Cp. 6aβ.ⓑ freq. in indir. questions whether (Hom. et al.)α. w. pres. indic. (Gen 27:21; 42:16; TestJob 31:1; Jos., Ant. 10, 259; 16, 225; Ar 8, 1; Just., A I, 2, 2; A II, 2, 10) εἴπῃς εἰ σὺ εἶ ὁ Χριστός whether you are the Christ Mt 26:63. εἰ ἁμαρτωλός ἐστιν whether he is a sinner J 9:25; εἰ πνεῦμα ἅγιον ἔστιν whether there is a holy spirit Ac 19:2b (s. 2 above). ἴδωμεν εἰ ἔρχεται Mt 27:49; Mk 15:36 (Lucian, Dial. Mort. 20, 3 φέρʼ ἴδω εἰ=let me see whether, Merc. Cond. 6); cp. Mk 10:2; Lk 14:31; 1 Cor 3:12; 2 Cor 13:5; 1J 4:1.—W. the fut. indic. (4 Km 1:2; Job 5:1) εἰ θεραπεύσει αὐτόν whether he would heal him Mk 3:2 (v.l. θεραπεύει); Lk 6:7 v.l.; εἰ σώσεις whether you will save 1 Cor 7:16.—W. the aor. indic. (Esth 4:14; w. plpf. Just., D. 56, 2) εἰ πάλαι ἀπέθανεν whether he had already died Mk 15:44b; εἰ ἐβάπτισα 1 Cor 1:16.β. w. subj. διώκω εἰ καταλάβω I press on (to see) whether I can capture Phil 3:12 (B-D-F §368; 375; Rob. 1017).γ. w. opt. (X., An. 1, 8, 15; 2, 1, 15; 4 Macc 9:27; 11:13) ἀνακρίνοντες … εἰ ἔχοι ταῦτα examining … to see whether this was really so Ac 17:11. εἰ βούλοιτο πορεύεσθαι 25:20; cp. 17:27.⑥ In combination w. other particles, w. the other particles foll.ⓐ εἰ ἄραα. expressing possibility if, indeed; if, in fact; whether (perhaps) (X., An. 3, 2, 22; SIG 834, 12; Gen 18:3; s. B-D-F §454, 2) 1 Cor 15:15 (εἴπερ ἄρα); Hv 3, 4, 3; 3, 7, 5; Hs 6, 4, 1; 8, 3, 3; 9, 5, 7; AcPt Ox 849, 6.β. introducing a direct question εἰ ἄρα ταῦτα οὕτως ἔχει; is it (really) so? Ac 7:1 v.l.; indirect qu. on the chance that (PPetr II, 13 [19] 9 ‘should you find it impossible’; Num 22:11) Mk 11:13; Ac 5:8 D; 8:22; in the hope that 17:27 (εἰ ἄρα γε); AcPt Ox 849, 2; 22. Cp. εἰ δέ … ; What if …? Ac 23:9.ⓑ εἴ γε if indeed, inasmuch as (Kühner-G. II 177c) Eph 3:2; 4:21; Col 1:23. τοσαῦτα ἐπάθετε εἰκῇ; εἴ γε καὶ εἰκῇ have you experienced so many things in vain? If it really was in vain Gal 3:4. εἴ γε καὶ ἐκδυσάμενοι οὐ γυμνοὶ εὑρεθησόμεθα assuming, of course, that having put it off we shall not be found naked 2 Cor 5:3. [εἴ γ]ε οὕτως ὡς [ἔστιν καὶ παρελάβετε τὸν λόγον] AcPl BMM recto, 31f (restoration based on duplicate Ox 1602 verso, 37f and AcPl Ha 8, 24f, which has a slightly difft. text after εἴ γε [s. also the text of Ghent 62, 17 in HSanders, HTR 31, ’38, 79, n. 2]). S. γέ bα.ⓒ εἰ δὲ καί (Just., D. 110, 1) but if, and if Lk 11:18; 1 Cor 4:7; and even if 2 Cor 4:3 (but s. Lietzmann, Hdb.); 11:6. If, on the other hand, … then AcPlCor 2:28 (εἰ … δέ … καί … μή).ⓓ εἰ δὲ μή (γε) if not, otherwiseα. after affirmat. clauses, w. the aor. ind, and ἄν in the apodosis J 14:2; or pres. ind. (Demosth., Prooem. 29, 3) and fut. (Gen 30:1; Bel 29 Theod.; PLond 1912, 98) Rv 2:5, 16; or pres. impv. J 14:11.—εἰ δὲ μή γε (μήγε some edd.) otherwise (Pla. et al.; Epict. 3, 22, 27; Jos., Bell. 6, 120, Ant. 17, 113; Just., D. 105, 6; IGR IV, 833; POxy 1159, 6; Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 167, 25; PGM 4, 2629; Da 3:15; Bel 8; TestSol 13:3 P): εἰ δὲ μή γε (sc. προσέχετε), μισθὸν οὐκ ἔχετε otherwise you have no reward Mt 6:1; cp. Lk 10:6. Elliptically: κἂν μὲν ποιήσῃ καρπὸν εἰς τὸ μέλλον• εἰ δὲ μή γε, ἐκκόψεις αὐτήν who knows, it may bear fruit next year; if not, fine, then cut it down (= have it cut down) 13:9.β. after negat. clauses, otherwise (X., An. 7, 1, 8; Diod S 3, 47, 4; Dio Chrys. 10 [11], 100; LBW 1651 μὴ ἀδικεῖν…, εἰ δὲ μή; UPZ 196 I, 33 [119 B.C.]; Job 32:22) Mk 2:21f.—After a negative statement: οὐδὲ βάλλουσιν οἶνον νέον εἰς ἀσκοὺς παλαιούς. εἰ δὲ μή γε, ῥήγνυνται people do not pour new wine into old skins; otherwise they burst Mt 9:17; cp. Lk 5:36. μή τίς με δόξῃ ἄφρονα εἶναι• εἰ δὲ μή γε, κἂν ὡς ἄφρονα δέχασθέ με no one is to consider me foolish; otherwise at least accept me as a fool 2 Cor 11:16.ⓔ εἰ καί even if, even though, although Lk 11:8; 18:4; 1 Cor 7:21; 2 Cor 4:16; 7:8; 12:11; Phil 2:17; Col 2:5; Hb 6:9; AcPlCor 2:32.ⓕ εἰ μὲν γάρ for if Ac 25:11 v.l. (for εἰ μὲν οὖν); 2 Cor 11:4; Hb 8:4 v.l. (for εἰ μὲν οὖν).ⓖ εἰ μὲν οὖν if, then Hb 7:11. W. εἰ δέ foll. (X., Cyr. 8, 7, 22; Ael. Aristid. 28, 156 K.=49 p. 542 D.) Ac 19:38.ⓗ εἰ μέντοι if, on the other hand Js 2:8.α. except, if not, mostly without a verb depending on εἰ μή (X., An. 2, 1, 12; JosAs 12:11; Just., A I, 29, 1) Mt 11:27; 12:24; 16:4; J 3:13; Ro 7:7; Gal 1:19 (HKoch, Z. Jakobusfrage Gal 1:19: ZNW 33, ’34, 204–9); but also with a verb (Jos., Ant. 8, 316) Mt 5:13; Mk 6:5; Ac 21:25 v.l.β. but (OGI 201, 20f οὐκ ἀφῶ αὐτοὺς καθεσθῆναι εἰς τὴν σκιάν, εἰ μὴ ὑπὸ ἡλίου ἔξω; in note 33 the ed. gives exx. fr. Aristoph. for this use) without a verb Mt 12:4; w. a verb (Theod. Prodr. 7, 426 H.) Gal 1:7, s. ἄλλος 2b. For ἐκτὸς εἰ μή s. ἐκτός 3a.ⓙ εἰ μήτι unless indeed, unless perhaps (Ael. Aristid. 46 p. 198 D.; Jos., Ant. 4, 280; Tat. 10, 2) Lk 9:13; 2 Cor 13:5; w. ἄν (Ps.-Clem., Hom. 16, 4) 1 Cor 7:5 (s. Dssm., NB 32, 1 [BS 204 n.]; B-D-F §376; Mlt. 169; 239; Reinhold 35; JTrunk, De Basilio Magno sermonis Attic. imitatore 1911, 56; JWackernagel, Antike Anredeformen 1912, 27f).ⓚ εἰ οὖν if, therefore Mt 6:23; Lk 11:36; 12:26; J 13:14; 18:8; Col 3:1; Phlm 17.ⓛ εἴπερ if indeed, if after all, since (X., An. 1, 7, 9; Menand., Epitr. 907 S. [587 Kö.]; PHal 7, 6; UPZ 59, 29 [168 B.C.]; Jdth 6:9; TestJob 3:6; Just., Tat., Ath.) Ro 3:30 (ἐπείπερ v.l.); 8:9, 17; 2 Th 1:6.—if indeed, provided that εἴπερ ἄρα (ἄρα 1a) 1 Cor 15:15. καὶ γὰρ εἴπερ for even if (cp. Od. 1, 167; B-D-F §454, 2) 1 Cor 8:5; on 2 Cor 5:3 s. εἴ γε καί 6b above. Doubtful IEph 6:2; s. ἤ 2aβ.ⓜ if perchance, if haply εἰ δέ που … τις ἔλθοι if perchance … anyone came Papias (2:4).ⓝ εἴ πως (the spelling εἴπως is also correct; B-D-F §12) if perhaps, if somehowα. w. opt. (X., An. 2, 5, 2; 4, 1, 21; POxy 939, 15) εἴ πως δύναιντο παραχειμάσαι in the hope that they could spend the winter Ac 27:12.β. w. fut. indic. (3 Km 21:31; 4 Km 19:4; Jer 28:8; TestJos 6:6) εἴ πως εὐοδωθήσομαι whether, perhaps, I shall succeed Ro 1:10; cp. 11:14; Phil 3:11.ⓞ εἴτε … εἴτε (Soph. et al.; ins since 416 B.C. [Meisterhans3-Schw.]; pap [Mayser II/3, 159]; LXX; JosAs 5:9; ApcrEzk [Epiph 70, 11]; Jos., Ant. 16, 33 and 37; Just., Ath. B-D-F §446; 454, 3; Rob. ind.) if … (or) if, whether … orα. w. a verb in pres. indic. (Herm. Wr. 12, 22 thrice) 1 Cor 12:26; 2 Cor 1:6; or pres. subj. 1 Th 5:10.β. w. no verb (Just., D. 86, 3 al.) Ro 12:6–8; 1 Cor 3:22; 8:5; 2 Cor 5:10 al. εἴτε only once 1 Cor 14:27. εἴτε ἄρσενα εἴτε θήλειαν (ἤτε … ἤτε pap) GJs 4:1.⑦ Used w. the indef. pron.: εἴ τις, εἴ τι everyone who or whoever; everything that or whatever Mt 16:24; 18:28; Mk 4:23; 9:35; Lk 9:23; 14:26; 1 Ti 3:1, 5; 5:4, 8, 16 al. Cp. 1 Cor 12:31 v.l. (ADebrunner, ConNeot XI, ’47, 37). W. subj. εἴ τις θελήσῃ Rv 11:5 s. 1b, above.—DELG. M-M.2εἰ μήν, more correctly εἶ μήν (B-D-F §24; Rob. 1150) for the older ἦ μήν (Hom. et al. [s. Denniston 350f], but found also Jos., Ant. 13, 76; 17, 42), in Hellenistic-Roman times (SIG 993, 20 [III B.C.]; 736, 27 [92 B.C.]; IG IV, 840, 15 [EHermann, Gr. Forschungen I 1912, 312]; pap since 112 B.C. [Mayser 78]; LXX e.g. Ezk 33:27; 34:8 al.; Num 14:28; Jdth 1:12; Bar 2:29 [Thackeray 83]) formula used in oaths surely, certainly Hb 6:14 (Gen 22:17).—Dssm., NB 33ff (BS 205ff).—M-M. -
19 ἀπό
ἀπό (Hom.+) prep. w. gen. (see the lit. on ἀνά, beg., also for ἀπό: KDieterich, IndogF 24, 1909, 93–158; LfgrE s.v.). Basic sense ‘separation from’ someone or someth., fr. which the other uses have developed. In the NT it has encroached on the domain of Att. ἐκ, ὑπό, παρά, and the gen. of separation; s. Mlt. 102; 246; Mlt-Turner 258f.① a marker to indicate separation from a place, whether person or thing, from, away fromⓐ w. all verbs denoting motion, esp. those compounded w. ἀπό: ἀπάγεσθαι, ἀπαλλάσσεσθαι, ἀπελαύνειν, ἀπέρχεσθαι, ἀπολύεσθαι, ἀποπλανᾶσθαι, ἀποστέλλειν, ἀποφεύγειν, ἀποχωρεῖν, ἀποχωρίζεσθαι; but also w. ἀνίστασθαι, διαστῆναι, διέρχεσθαι, ἐκδημεῖν, ἐκκινεῖν, ἐκπλεῖν, ἐκπορεύεσθαι, ἐξέρχεσθαι, ἐξωθεῖν, ἐπιδιδόναι, μεταβαίνειν, μετατίθεσθαι, νοσφίζειν, παραγίνεσθαι, πλανᾶσθαι, πορεύεσθαι, ὑπάγειν, ὑποστρέφειν, φεύγειν; s. the entries in question.ⓑ w. all verbs expressing the idea of separation ἐκβάλλειν τὸ κάρφος ἀ. τοῦ ὀφθαλμοῦ remove the splinter fr. the eye Mt 7:4 v.l. (for ἐκ). ἐξέβαλον ἀπὸ τῆς πήρας αὐτῶν δῶρα they set forth gifts out of their travel bags GJs 21:3. ἀπολύεσθαι ἀ. ἀνδρός be divorced fr. her husband Lk 16:18, cp. Ac 15:33. ἀποκυλίειν, ἀπολαμβάνεσθαι, ἀποστρέφειν, ἐπιστρέφεσθαι, ἐπανάγειν, αἴρειν, ἀφαιρεῖν, ἀπολέσθαι, μερίζειν et al., s. the pertinent entries. So also κενὸς ἀ. τινος Hs 9, 19, 2. ἔρημος ἀ. τινος (Jer 51:2) 2 Cl 2:3. W. verbs which express the concept of separation in the wider sense, like loose, free, acquit et al. ἀπορφανίζειν, ἀποσπᾶν, διεγείρεσθαι, δικαιοῦν, ἐκδικοῦν, ἐλευθεροῦν, λούειν, λύειν, λυτροῦν, ῥαντίζειν, σαλεύειν, στέλλειν, σῴζειν, φθείρειν, s. the entries; hence also ἀθῷος (Sus 46 Theod. v.l.) Mt 27:24. καθαρὸς ἀ. τινος (Tob 3:14; but s. Dssm. NB 24 [BS 196; 216]) Ac 20:26; cp. Kuhring 54.ⓒ verbs meaning be on guard, be ashamed, etc., take ἀπό to express the occasion or object of their caution, shame, or fear; so αἰσχύνεσθαι, βλέπειν, μετανοεῖν, προσέχειν, φοβεῖσθαι, φυλάσσειν, φυλάσσεσθαι; s. 5 below.ⓓ w. verbs of concealing, hiding, hindering, the pers. from whom someth. is concealed is found w. ἀπό; so κρύπτειν τι ἀπό τινος, παρακαλύπτειν τι ἀπό τινος, κωλύειν τι ἀπό τινος; s. the entries.ⓔ in pregnant constr. like ἀνάθεμα εἶναι ἀ. τοῦ Χριστοῦ be separated fr. Christ by a curse Ro 9:3. μετανοεῖν ἀ. τ. κακίας (Jer 8:6) Ac 8:22. ἀποθνῄσκειν ἀ. τινος through death become free from Col 2:20. φθείρεσθαι ἀ. τ. ἁπλότητος be ruinously diverted from wholehearted commitment 2 Cor 11:3. Cp. Hs 6, 2, 4.ⓕ as a substitute for the partitive gen. (Hdt. 6, 27, 2; Thu. 7, 87, 6; PPetr III, 11, 20; PIand 8, 6; Kuhring 20; Rossberg 22; Johannessohn, Präp. 17) τίνα ἀ. τῶν δύο; Mt 27:21, cp. Lk 9:38; 19:39 (like PTebt 299, 13; 1 Macc 1:13; 3:24; Sir 6:6; 46:8). τὰ ἀ. τοῦ πλοίου pieces of the ship Ac 27:44. ἐκχεῶ ἀ. τοῦ πνεύματός μου Ac 2:17f (Jo 3:1f). λαμβάνειν ἀ. τ. καρπῶν get a share of the vintage Mk 12:2 (cp. Just., A I, 65, 5 μεταλαβεῖν ἀπὸ τοῦ … ἄρτου).—Of foods (as in Da 1:13, 4:33a; 2 Macc 7:1) ἐσθίειν ἀ. τ. ψιχίων eat some of the crumbs Mt 15:27; Mk 7:28. χορτάζεσθαι ἀ. τινος eat one’s fill of someth. Lk 16:21. αἴρειν ἀ. τῶν ἰχθύων pick up the remnants of the fish Mk 6:43. ἐνέγκατε ἀ. τ. ὀψαρίων bring some of the fish J 21:10 (the only instance of this usage in J; s. M-EBoismard, Le chapitre 21 de Saint Jean: RB 54 [’47] 492).—Of drink (cp. Sir 26:12) πίνειν ἀπὸ τ. γενήματος τῆς ἀμπέλου drink the product of the vine Lk 22:18.② to indicate the point from which someth. begins, whether lit. or fig.ⓐ of place from, out from (Just., D. 86, 1 ἀπὸ τῆς πέτρας ὕδωρ ἀναβλύσαν ‘gushing out of the rock’) σημεῖον ἀ. τ. οὐρανοῦ a sign fr. heaven Mk 8:11. ἀ. πόλεως εἰς πόλιν from one city to another Mt 23:34. ἀπʼ ἄκρων οὐρανῶν ἕως ἄκρων αὐτῶν (Dt 30:4; Ps 18:7) from one end of heaven to the other 24:31, cp. Mk 13:27. ἀπʼ ἄνωθεν ἕως κάτω from top to bottom Mt 27:51. ἀρξάμενοι ἀ. Ἰερουσαλήμ beginning in Jerusalem Lk 24:47 (s. also Lk 23:5; Ac 1:22; 10:37). ἀφʼ ὑμῶν ἐξήχηται ὁ λόγος τ. κυρίου the word of the Lord has gone out from you and sounded forth 1 Th 1:8. ἀπὸ βορρᾶ, ἀπὸ νότου in the north, in the south (PCairGoodsp 6, 5 [129 B.C.] ἐν τῷ ἀπὸ νότου πεδίῳ; Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 11A col. 1, 12f [123 B.C.] τὸ ἀπὸ νότου τῆς πόλεως χῶμα; ln. 7 ἀπὸ βορρᾶ τῆς πόλεως; 70, 16 al.; Josh 18:5; 19:34; 1 Km 14:5) Rv 21:13.ⓑ of time from … (on), since (POxy 523, 4; Mel., HE 4, 26, 8; s. Kuhring 54ff).α. ἀ. τῶν ἡμερῶν Ἰωάννου from the days of John Mt 11:12. ἀ. τῆς ὥρας ἐκείνης 9:22. ἀπʼ ἐκείνης τ. ἡμέρας (Jos., Bell. 4, 318, Ant. 7, 382) Mt 22:46; J 11:53. ἔτη ἑπτὰ ἀ. τῆς παρθενίας αὐτῆς for seven years fr. the time she was a virgin Lk 2:36. ἀ. ἐτῶν δώδεκα for 12 years 8:43. ἀ. τρίτης ὥρας τῆς νυκτός Ac 23:23. ἀ. κτίσεως κόσμου Ro 1:20. ἀ. πέρυσι since last year, a year ago 2 Cor 8:10; 9:2.—ἀπʼ αἰῶνος, ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς, ἀπʼ ἄρτι (also ἀπαρτί and ἄρτι), ἀπὸ καταβολῆς κόσμου, ἀπὸ τότε, ἀπὸ τοῦ νῦν; s. the pertinent entries.β. w. the limits defined, forward and backward: ἀπὸ … ἕως (Jos., Ant. 6, 364) Mt 27:45. ἀπὸ … ἄχρι Phil 1:5. ἀπὸ … μέχρι Ac 10:30; Ro 5:14; 15:19.γ. ἀφʼ ἧς (sc. ὥρας or ἡμέρας, which is found Col 1:6, 9; but ἀφʼ ἧς became a fixed formula: ParJer 7:28; Plut., Pelop. [285] 15, 5; s. B-D-F §241, 2) since Lk 7:45 (Renehan ’75, 36f); Ac 24:11; 2 Pt 3:4 (cp. X., Hell. 4, 6, 6; 1 Macc 1:11). ἀφʼ οὗ (sc.—as in X., Cyr. 1, 2, 13—χρόνου; Att. ins in Meisterhans.3-Schw. and s. Witkowski, index 163; ἀφʼ οὗ is also a formula) since, when once (X., Symp. 4, 62; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 16 Jac.; Lucian, Dial. Mar. 15, 1; Ex 5:23 GrBar 3:6) Lk 13:25; 24:21; Rv 16:18 (cp. Da 12:1; 1 Macc 9:29; 16:24; 2 Macc 1:7; TestAbr B 13 p. 117, 23; GrBar; Jos., Ant. 4, 78). τρία ἔτη ἀφʼ οὗ (cp. Tob 5:35 S) Lk 13:7. ἀφότε s. ὅτε 1aγ end.ⓒ the beg. of a series from … (on).α. ἀρξάμενος ἀ. Μωϋσέως καὶ ἀ. πάντων τ. προφητῶν beginning w. Moses and all the prophets Lk 24:27. ἕβδομος ἀ. Ἀδάμ Jd 14 (Diod S 1, 50, 3 ὄγδοος ὁ ἀπὸ τοῦ πατρός [ancestor]; Appian, Mithrid. 9 §29 τὸν ἕκτον ἀπὸ τοῦ πρώτου Μιθριδάτην; Arrian, Anab. 7, 12, 4; Diog. L. 3, 1: Plato in the line of descent was ἕκτος ἀπὸ Σόλωνος; Biogr. p. 31: Homer δέκατος ἀπὸ Μουσαίου). ἀ. διετοῦς καὶ κατωτέρω Mt 2:16 (cp. Num 1:20; 2 Esdr 3:8).β. w. both beg. and end given ἀπὸ … ἕως (Sir 18:26; 1 Macc 9:13) Mt 1:17; 23:35; Ac 8:10. Sim., ἀ. δόξης εἰς δόξαν fr. glory to glory 2 Cor 3:18.③ to indicate origin or source, fromⓐ lit., with verbs of motionα. down from πίπτειν ἀ. τραπέζης Mt 15:27. καθεῖλεν δυνάστας ἀ. θρόνων God has dethroned rulers Lk 1:52.β. from ἔρχεσθαι ἀ. θεοῦ J 3:2; cp. 13:3; 16:30. παραγίνεται ἀ. τῆς Γαλιλαίας Mt 3:13; ἀ. ἀνατολῶν ἥξουσιν 8:11 (Is 49:12; 59:19); ἀ. τοῦ ἱεροῦ ἐπορεύετο 24:1; ἀ. Παμφυλίας Ac 15:38. ἐγείρεσθαι ἀ. τ. νεκρῶν be raised from the dead Mt 14:2.ⓑ lit., to indicate someone’s local origin from (Hom. et al.; Soph., El. 701; Hdt. 8, 114; ins [RevArch 4 sér. IV 1904 p. 9 ἀπὸ Θεσσαλονίκης]; pap [HBraunert, Binnenwanderung ’64, 384, s.v.; PFlor 14, 2; 15, 5; 17, 4; 22, 13 al.]; Judg 12:8; 13:2; 17:1 [all three acc. to B]; 2 Km 23:20 al.; Jos., Bell. 3, 422, Vi. 217; Just., A I, 1 τῶν ἀπὸ Φλαουί̈ας Νέας πόλεως; s. B-D-F §209, 3; Rob. 578) ἦν ἀ. Βηθσαϊδά he was from B. J 1:44; cp. 12:21. ὄχλοι ἀ. τῆς Γαλιλαίας crowds fr. Galilee Mt 4:25. ἄνδρες ἀ. παντὸς ἔθνους Ac 2:5. ἀνὴρ ἀ. τοῦ ὄχλου a man fr. the crowd Lk 9:38. ὁ προφήτης ὁ ἀ. Ναζαρέθ Mt 21:11. οἱ ἀ. Κιλικίας the Cilicians Ac 6:9. οἱ ἀδελφοὶ οἱ ἀ. Ἰόππης 10:23 (Musaeus 153 παρθένος ἀπʼ Ἀρκαδίας; Just., A I, 58, 1 Μακρίωνα … τὸν ἀπὸ Πόντου). οἱ ἀ. Θεσσαλονίκης Ἰουδαῖοι 17:13. οἱ ἀ. τῆς Ἰταλίας the Italians Hb 13:24, who could be inside as well as outside Italy (cp. Dssm., Her. 33, 1898, 344, LO 167, 1 [LAE 200, 3]; Mlt. 237; B-D-F §437).—Rather denoting close association οἱ ἀ. τῆς ἐκκλησίας members of the church Ac 12:1; likew. 15:5 (cp. Plut., Cato Min. 4, 2 οἱ ἀπὸ τ. στοᾶς φιλόσοφοι; Ps.-Demetr. c. 68 οἱ ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ=his [Isocrates’] pupils; Synes., Ep. 4 p. 162b; 66 p. 206c; PTebt 33, 3 [112 B.C.], Ῥωμαῖος τῶν ἀπὸ συγκλήτου; Ar. 15, 1 Χριστιανοὶ γενεαλογοῦνται ἀπὸ … Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ; Ath.).—To indicate origin in the sense of material fr. which someth. is made (Hdt. 7, 65; Theocr. 15, 117; IPriene 117, 72 ἀπὸ χρυσοῦ; 1 Esdr 8:56; Sir 43:20 v.l.) ἔνδυμα ἀ. τριχῶν καμήλου clothing made of camel’s hair Mt 3:4.ⓒ fig., w. verbs of asking, desiring, to denote the pers. of or from whom a thing is asked (Ar. 11, 3): δανίσασθαι ἀπό τινος borrow fr. someone Mt 5:42. ἐκζητεῖν ἀ. τῆς γενεᾶς ταύτης Lk 11:51. ἀπαιτεῖν τι ἀπό τινος Lk 12:20. ζητεῖν τι ἀπό τινος 1 Th 2:6. λαμβάνειν τι ἀπό τινος Mt 17:25f; 3J 7.ⓓ fig., w. verbs of perceiving, to indicate source of the perception (Lysias, Andoc. 6; Ps.-Aristot., De Mundo 6, 399b ἀπʼ αὐτῶν τῶν ἔργων θεωρεῖται ὁ θεός; Appian, Liby. 104 §493 ἀπὸ τῆς σφραγῖδος=[recognize a corpse] by the seal-ring; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 2, 1 στοχάζεσθαι ἀπὸ τῶν ὀνομάτων; Just., D. 60, 1 τοῦτο νοοῦμεν ἀπὸ τῶν λόγων τῶν προλελεγμένων; 100, 2 ἀπὸ τῶν γραφῶν): ἀ. τῶν καρπῶν αὐτῶν ἐπιγνώσεσθε αὐτούς by their fruits you will know them Mt 7:16, 20. μανθάνειν παραβολὴν ἀ. τῆς συκῆς learn a lesson from the fig tree 24:32; Mk 13:28. ἀπὸ τῶν σπερμάτων μὴ ποιεῖσθαι τὴν παραβολήν if we are not to derive our parable solely from reference to seeds (cp. 1 Cor 15:37) AcPlCor 2:28.—Also μανθάνειν τι ἀπό τινος learn someth. fr. someone Gal 3:2; Col 1:7.ⓔ γράψαι ἀφʼ ὧν ἠδυνήθην, lit., write from what I was able, i.e. as well as I could B 21:9 (cp. Tat. 12, 5 οὐκ ἀπὸ γλώττης οὐδὲ ἀπὸ τῶν εἰκότων οὐδὲ ἀπʼ ἐννοιῶν etc.).④ to indicate distance fr. a point, away from, for μακρὰν ἀ. τινος far fr. someone, ἀπὸ μακρόθεν fr. a great distance s. μακράν, μακρόθεν. ἀπέχειν ἀπό τινος s. ἀπέχω 4. W. detailed measurements (corresp. to Lat. ‘a’, s. B-D-F §161, 1; Rob. 575; WSchulze, Graeca Latina 1901, 15ff; Hdb. on J 11:18; Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 12 §42; CB I/2, 390 no. 248) ἦν Βηθανία ἐγγὺς τῶν Ἱεροσολύμων ὡς ἀπὸ σταδίων δεκατέντε Bethany was near Jerusalem, about 15 stades (less than 3 km.) away J 11:18. ὡς ἀπὸ πηχῶν διακοσίων about 200 cubits (c. 90 meters) 21:8. ἀπὸ σταδίων χιλίων ἑξακοσίων about 1600 stades (c. 320 km.) Rv 14:20; cp. Hv 4, 1, 5 (for other examples of this usage, s. Rydbeck 68).—Hebraistically ἀπὸ προσώπου τινός (Gen 16:6; Jer 4:26; Jdth 2:14; Sir 21:2; 1 Macc 5:34; En 103:4; Just., A I, 37, 1 ἀπὸ προσώπου τοῦ πατρὸς ἐλέχθησαν διὰ Ἠσαίου … οἵδε οἱ λόγοι ‘in the name of the father … through Isaiah’; 38, 1 al.)=מִפְּנֵי פ׳ ( away) from the presence of someone 2 Th 1:9 (Is 2:10, 19, 21); Rv 12:14 (B-D-F §140; 217, 1; Mlt-H. 466).⑤ to indicate cause, means, or outcomeⓐ gener., to show the reason for someth. because of, as a result of, for (numerous ref. in FBleek on Hb 5:7; PFay 111, 4; POxy 3314, 7 [from falling off a horse]; Jdth 2:20; 4 [6] Esdr [POxy 1010]; AscIs 3:13; Jos., Ant. 9, 56) οὐκ ἠδύνατο ἀ. τοῦ ὄχλου he could not because of the crowd Lk 19:3; cp. Mk 2:4 D. οὐκ ἐνέβλεπον ἀπὸ τῆς δόξης τοῦ φωτός I could not see because of the brilliance of the light Ac 22:11. ἀ. τοῦ πλήθους τ. ἰχθύων J 21:6 (M-EBoismard, ad loc.: s. 1f end). ἀ. τοῦ ὕδατος for the water Hs 8, 2, 8. ἀ. τῆς θλίψεως because of the persecution Ac 11:19. οὐαὶ τῷ κόσμῳ ἀ. τ. σκανδάλων Mt 18:7 (s. B-D-F §176, 1; Mlt. 246). εἰσακουσθεὶς ἀ. τῆς εὐλαβείας heard because of his piety Hb 5:7 (but the text may be corrupt; at any rate it is obscure and variously interpr.; besides the comm. s. KRomaniuk, Die Gottesfürchtigen im NT: Aegyptus 44, ’64, 84; B-D-F §211; Rob. 580; s. on εὐλάβεια).ⓑ to indicate means with the help of, with (Hdt. et al.; Ael. Aristid. 37, 23 K.=2 p. 25 D.; PGM 4, 2128f σφράγιζε ἀπὸ ῥύπου=seal with dirt; En 97:8) γεμίσαι τὴν κοιλίαν ἀ. τ. κερατίων fill one’s stomach w. the husks Lk 15:16 v.l. (s. ἐκ 4aζ; cp. Pr 18:20). οἱ πλουτήσαντες ἀπʼ αὐτῆς Rv 18:15 (cp. Sir 11:18).ⓒ to indicate motive or reason for, from, with (Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 13 §52 ἀπʼ εὐνοίας=with goodwill; 1 Macc 6:10; pap exx. in Kuhring 35) κοιμᾶσθαι ἀ. τῆς λύπης sleep from sorrow Lk 22:45. ἀ. τῆς χαρᾶς αὐτοῦ Mt 13:44; cp. Lk 24:41; Ac 12:14. ἀ. τοῦ φόβου κράζειν Mt 14:26, ἀ. φόβου καὶ προσδοκίας with fear and expectation Lk 21:26. Hence verbs of fearing, etc., take ἀ. to show the cause of the fear (s. above 1c) μὴ φοβεῖσθαι ἀ. τ. ἀποκτεννόντων τὸ σῶμα not be afraid of those who kill only the body Mt 10:28; Lk 12:4 (cp. Jdth 5:23; 1 Macc 2:62; 3:22; 8:12; En 106:4).ⓓ to indicate the originator of the action denoted by the verb from (Trag., Hdt. et al.) ἀ. σοῦ σημεῖον ἰδεῖν Mt 12:38. γινώσκειν ἀπό τινος learn fr. someone Mk 15:45. ἀκούειν ἀ. τοῦ στόματός τινος hear fr. someone’s mouth, i.e. fr. him personally Lk 22:71 (Dionys. Hal. 3, 8 ἀ. στόματος ἤκουσεν); cp. Ac 9:13; 1J 1:5. τὴν ἀ. σοῦ ἐπαγγελίαν a promise given by you Ac 23:21 (cp. Ath. 2, 3 ταῖς ἀπὸ τῶν κατηγόρων αἰτίαις ‘the charges made by the accusers’). ἀφʼ ἑνὸς ἐγενήθησαν Hb 11:12. Prob. παραλαμβάνειν ἀ. τοῦ κυρίου 1 Cor 11:23 is to be understood in the same way: Paul is convinced that he is taught by the Lord himself (for direct teaching s. EBröse, Die Präp. ἀπό 1 Cor 11:23: StKr 71, 1898, 351–60; Dssm.; BWeiss; Ltzm.; H-DWendland. But for indirect communication: Zahn et al.). παραλαβὼν ἀπὸ τῶν θυγατέρων Φιλίππου, ὅτι Papias (11:2); opp. παρειληφέναι ὑπὸ τῶν θ. Φ. (2:9).—Of the more remote cause ἀπʼ ἀνθρώπων from human beings (as opposed to transcendent revelation; w. διʼ ἀνθρώπου; cp. Artem. 1, 73 p. 66, 11 ἀπὸ γυναικῶν ἢ διὰ γυναικῶν; 2, 36 p. 135, 26) Gal 1:1. ἀ. κυρίου πνεύματος fr. the Lord, who is the Spirit 2 Cor 3:18. ἔχειν τι ἀπό τινος have (received) someth. fr. someone 1 Cor 6:19; 1 Ti 3:7; 1J 2:20; 4:21.—In salutation formulas εἰρήνη ἀ. θεοῦ πατρός ἡμῶν peace that comes from God, our father Ro 1:7; 1 Cor 1:3; 2 Cor 1:2; Gal 1:3; Eph 1:2; cp. 6:23; Phil 1:2; Col 1:2; 1 Th 1:1 v.l.; 2 Th 1:2; 1 Ti 1:2; 2 Ti 1:2; Tit 1:4; Phlm 3. σοφία ἀ. θεοῦ wisdom that comes fr. God 1 Cor 1:30. ἔπαινος ἀ. θεοῦ praise fr. God 4:5. καὶ τοῦτο ἀ. θεοῦ and that brought about by God Phil 1:28. The expr. εἰρήνη ἀπὸ ‘ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν καὶ ὁ ἐρχόμενος’ Rv 1:4 is quite extraordinary. It may be an interpretation of the name Yahweh already current, or an attempt to show reverence for the divine name by preserving it unchanged, or simply one more of the grammatical peculiarities so frequent in Rv (Meyer6-Bousset 1906, 159ff; Mlt. 9, note 1; cp. PParis 51, 33 ἀπὸ ἀπηλιότης; Mussies 93f, 328).ⓔ to indicate responsible agents for someth., from, ofα. the self, st. Gk. usage (Thu. 5, 60, 1; X., Mem. 2, 10, 3; Andoc., Orat. 2, 4 οὗτοι οὐκ ἀφʼ αὑτῶν ταῦτα πράττουσιν; Diod S 17, 56; Num 16:28; 4 Macc 11:3; En 98:4; TestAbr A 15 p. 95, 26 [Stone p. 38]; 18 p. 101, 6 [Stone p. 50]; Just., A I, 43, 8) the expr. ἀφʼ ἑαυτοῦ (pl. ἀφʼ ἑαυτῶν) of himself and ἀπʼ ἐμαυτοῦ of myself are common Lk 12:57; 21:30; 2 Cor 3:5, esp. so in J: 5:19, 30; 8:28; 10:18; 15:4.—7:17f; 11:51; 14:10; 16:13; 18:34. So also ἀπʼ ἐμαυτοῦ οὐκ ἐλήλυθα I did not come of myself (opp. the Father sent me) 7:28; 8:42.β. fr. others. W. verbs in the pass. voice or pass. mng. ὑπό is somet. replaced by ἀπό (in isolated cases in older Gk. e.g. Thu. 1, 17 et al. [Kühner-G. II/1 p. 457f]; freq. in later Gk.: Polyb. 1, 79, 14; Hero I 152, 6; 388, 11; Nicol. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 130, 130 Jac.; IG XII/5, 29, 1; SIG 820, 9; PLond III, 1173, 12 p. 208; BGU 1185, 26; PFlor 150, 6 ἀ. τῶν μυῶν κατεσθιόμενα; PGM 4, 256; Kuhring 36f; 1 Macc 15:17; Sir 16:4; ParJer 1:1 ᾐχμαλωτεύθησαν … ἀπὸ τοῦ βασιλέως; Philo, Leg. All. 3, 62; Just., A I, 68, 6 ἐπιστολὴν … γραφεῖσάν μοι ἀπὸ Σερήνου, D. 121, 3 ἀπὸ παντὸς [γένους] μετάνοιαν πεποιῆσθαι. See B-D-F §210; Rob. 820; GHatzidakis, Einl. in d. neugriech. Gramm. 1892, 211; AJannaris, An Histor. Gk. Grammar 1897, §1507). Yet just at this point the textual tradition varies considerably, and the choice of prep. is prob. at times influenced by the wish to express special nuances of mng. Lk 8:29b v.l. (ὑπό text); 43b (ὑπό v.l.); 10:22 D; ἀποδεδειγμένος ἀ. τ. θεοῦ attested by God Ac 2:22. ἐπικληθεὶς Βαρναβᾶς ἀ. (ὑπό v.l.) τ. ἀποστόλων named B. by the apostles 4:36. κατενεχθεὶς ἀ. τοῦ ὕπνου overcome by sleep 20:9. ἀθετούμενος ἀπὸ τῶν παραχαρασσόντων τὰ λόγια αὐτοῦ inasmuch as (Jesus) is being rejected by those who falsify his words AcPlCor 2:3. νεκροῦ βληθέντος ἀπὸ τῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραὴλ ἐπʼ αὐτά when a corpse was cast upon them (the bones of Elisha) 2:32. In such cases ἀπό freq. denotes the one who indirectly originates an action, and can be transl. at the hands of, by command of: πολλὰ παθεῖν ἀ. τ. πρεσβυτέρων suffer much at the hands of the elders Mt 16:21; cp. Lk 9:22; 17:25, where the emphasis is to be placed on παθεῖν, not on ἀποδοκιμασθῆναι. In ἀ. θεοῦ πειράζομαι the thought is that the temptation is caused by God, though not actually carried out by God Js 1:13. ἡτοιμασμένος ἀ. τοῦ θεοῦ prepared by God’s command, not by God in person Rv 12:6.⑥ In a few expr. ἀπό helps to take the place of an adverb. ἀπὸ μέρους, s. μέρος 1c.—ἡμέρᾳ ἀφʼ ἡμέρας day by day GJs 12:3.—ἀπὸ μιᾶς (acc. to Wlh., Einl.2 26, an Aramaism, min ḥădā˒=at once [s. MBlack, An Aramaic Approach3, ’67, 113]; but this does not explain the fem. gender, found also in the formulaic ἐπὶ μιᾶς Maxim. Tyr. 6, 3f En 99:9 [s. SAalen, NTS 13, ’67, 3] and in Mod. Gk. μὲ μιᾶς at once [Thumb §162 note 2]. PSI 286, 22 uses ἀπὸ μιᾶς of a payment made ‘at once’; on the phrase s. New Docs 2, 189. Orig. γνώμης might have been a part of the expr. [Philo, Spec. Leg. 3, 73], or ὁρμῆς [Thu. 7, 71, 6], or γλώσσης [Cass. Dio 44, 36, 2], or φωνῆς [Herodian 1, 4, 8]; cp. ἀπὸ μιᾶς φωνῆς Plut., Mor. 502d of an echo; s. B-D-F §241, 6) unanimously, alike, in concert Lk 14:18. Sim. ἀπὸ τ. καρδιῶν fr. (your) hearts, sincerely Mt 18:35.—Himerius, Or. 39 [=Or. 5], 6 has as a formula διὰ μιᾶς, probably = continuously, uninterruptedly, Or. 44 [=Or. 8], 2 fuller διὰ μιᾶς τῆς σπουδῆς=with one and the same, or with quite similar zeal.—M-M. -
20 ὄχλος
ὄχλος, ου, ὁ (Pind., Hdt.+; ins, pap, LXX; TestJob 24:10; TestJud 7:1; ApcrEzk [Epiph. 70, 8]; EpArist, Philo, Joseph.; Ath. 1, 4; on relation of ὄχλος to ὀχλέω s. MMeier-Brüjger, Glotta 71, ’93, 28 [basic idea: a ‘pile’ that requires a ‘heap’ of workers, but s. DELG and Frisk s.v. ὄχλος]; loanw. in rabb.—In the NT only in the gospels [in Mk most freq. in sg. in contrast to Mt and Lk, s. RBorger, TRu 52, ’87, 28], Ac, and Rv).① a relatively large number of people gathered together, crowdⓐ a casual gathering of large numbers of people without reference to classification crowd, throng Mt 9:23, 25; 15:35; Mk 2:4 (s. DDaube, ET 50, ’38, 138f); 3:9; Lk 5:1; J 5:13; 6:22; Ac 14:14; 21:34f and oft.; AcPl Ha 5, 11. τὶς ἐκ τοῦ ὄχλου someone from the crowd Lk 12:13; cp. 11:27. ἀνὴρ ἀπὸ τοῦ ὄχ. 9:38. τινὲς τῶν Φαρισαίων ἀπὸ τοῦ ὄχλου some of the Pharisees in the crowd 19:39. ἀπὸ τοῦ ὄχλου away from the crowd Mk 7:17, 33. οὐκ ἠδύνατο ἀπὸ τοῦ ὄχλου he could not because of the crowd Lk 19:3 (s. ἀπό 5a). οὐ μετὰ ὄχλου without a crowd (present) Ac 24:18 (cp. vs. 12). This is equivalent in mng. to ἄτερ ὄχλου (s. ἄτερ) when there was no crowd present Lk 22:6 (s. WLarfeld, Die ntl. Evangelien nach ihrer Eigenart 1925, 190), unless ὄχ. means disturbance (Hdt.+) here (so Goodsp.). ἐν τῷ θεάτρῳ μετὰ τοῦ ὄχλου AcPl Ha 1, 24.—πᾶς ὁ ὄχλος (Aelian, VH 2, 6) the whole crowd, all the people Mt 13:2b; Mk 2:13; 4:1b; 9:15; Lk 13:17; Ac 21:27; MPol 9:2; 16:1. Also ὅλος ὁ ὄχλος AcPl Ha 4, 35.—πολὺς ὄχ. (Jos., Vi. 133; 277) Mt 14:14; Mk 6:34. ὄχ. πολύς (Cebes 1, 2; IG IV2/1, 123, 25; several times LXX) Mt 20:29; Mk 5:21, 24; 9:14; Lk 8:4; J 6:2. ὁ πολὺς ὄχ. Mk 12:37. ὁ ὄχ. πολύς J 12:9, 12.—ὄχ. ἱκανός a considerable throng Mk 10:46; Lk 7:12; Ac 11:24, 26; cp. 19:26. ὄχ. τοσοῦτος Mt 15:33. ὁ πλεῖστος ὄχ. the great throng or greater part of the crowd 21:8 (the verb in the pl. with a collective noun as Memnon [I B.C./I A.D.]: 434 Fgm. 1, 28, 6 Jac. εἷλον … ἡ Ῥωμαίων δύναμις. Cp. B-D-F §134, 1). Cp. Mk 4:1a. τὸ πλεῖον μέρος τοῦ ὄχ. the greater part of the throng Hs 8, 1, 16; τὸ πλῆθος τοῦ ὄχ. 9, 4, 4; αἱ μυριάδες τοῦ ὄχ. the crowd in myriads Lk 12:1.—The pl. is common in Mt, Lk, and Ac (acc. to later usage: X., Mem. 3, 7, 5; Dionys. Hal.; Ael. Aristid. 34, 47 K.=50 p. 564 D.; Jos., Ant. 6, 25 al. Schwyzer II 43; cp. Mussies 71 and 85) οἱ ὄχλοι the crowds, the people (the latter plainly Posidon.: 87 Fgm. 36, 51 Jac. συλλαλήσαντες αὑτοῖς οἱ ὄχ.; Diod S 1, 36, 10; 1, 83, 8 ἐν ταῖς τῶν ὄχλων ψυχαῖς; 1, 72, 5 μυριάδες τῶν ὄχλων; 4, 42, 3; 14, 7, 2 ὄχλων πλῆθος=a crowd of people; 36, 15, 2 οἱ κατὰ τὴν πόλιν ὄχλοι=the people in the city; Artem. 1, 51 p. 59, 13 Pack; Vi. Aesopi G 124 P; Ps.-Aeschines, Ep. 10, 4 ἡμεῖς ἅμα τ. ἄλλοις ὄχλοις; Ps.-Demetr., Form. Ep. p. 7, 11; OGI 383, 151 [I B.C.]; Jos., Ant. 9, 3) Mt 5:1; 7:28; 9:8, 33, 36 and oft. Lk 3:7, 10; 4:42; 5:3; 8:42, 45 and oft. Ac 8:6; 13:45; 14:11, 13, 18f; 17:13. Mk only 6:33 v.l. J only 7:12a (v.l. ἐν τῷ ὄχλῳ). MPol 13:1. Without art. Mk 10:1 (on the textual problem RBorger, TRu 52, ’87, 28); ὄχ. πολλοί (s. πολύς 2aαב) Mt 4:25; 8:1; 12:15; 13:2a; 15:30; 19:2; Lk 5:15; 14:25. πάντες οἱ ὄχ. Mt 12:23.—A linguistic parallel to the pl. ὄχλοι and a parallel to the type of political maneuvering in Mk 15:15 (ὁ Πιλᾶτος βουλόμενος τῷ ὄχλῳ τὸ ἱκανὸν ποιῆσαι ἀπέλυσεν αὐτοῖς τὸν Βαραββᾶν καὶ παρέδωκεν τὸν Ἰησοῦν φραγελλώσας ἵνα σταυρωθῇ) is offered by PFlor 61, 59ff [85 A.D.], where, according to the court record, G. Septimius Vegetus says to a certain Phibion: ἄξιος μὲν ἦς μαστιγωθῆναι … χαρίζομαι δέ σε τοῖς ὄχλοις (s. Dssm., LO 229 [LAE 266f], and on the favor of the ὄχλοι PGM 36, 275).ⓑ a gathering of people that bears some distinguishing characteristic or status.α. a large number of people of relatively low status the (common) people, populace (PJoüon, RSR 27, ’37, 618f) in contrast to the rulers: Mt 14:5; 15:10; 21:26; Mk 11:18, 32 (v.l. λαόν, q.v. 2); 12:12. Likew. the pl. οἱ ὄχ. (EpArist 271) Mt 21:46. The lower classes (X., Cyr. 2, 2, 21, Hier. 2, 3 al.) ἐπίστασις ὄχλου a disturbance among the people Ac 24:12. Contemptuously rabble J 7:49 (Bultmann ad loc. [w. lit.]).β. a group or company of people with common interests or of distinctive status a large number (company, throng), w. gen. (Eur., Iph. A. 191 ἵππων al.; Jos., Ant. 3, 66; Ath, 1, 4 ὄχλον ἐγκλημάτων) ὄχ. τελωνῶν a crowd of tax-collectors Lk 5:29. ὄχ. μαθητῶν 6:17. ὄχ. ὀνομάτων Ac 1:15. ὄχ. τῶν ἱερέων 6:7② a large mass of people, without ref. to status or circumstances leading to its composition, horde, mass pl. ὄχλοι as a synonym beside λαοί and ἔθνη Rv 17:15 (cp. Da 3:4).—VHunter, Thucydides and the Sociology of the Crowd: ClJ 84, ’88, 17–30, esp. 17 n. 5 (lit. on study of crowds); WCarter, CBQ 55, ’93, 56 n. 9 (lit. on sociological perspective).—B. 929. DELG. M-M. TW.
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